Pregnancy Induced Changes To The Breast/Involution Changes Flashcards
What hormone is responsible for duct development and division and the deposition of fatty tissue?
Estrogen
What hormone induces alveolar (acini) and lobular development?
Progesterone
What happens to the areola during pregnancy?
Areola continues to get darker (even black sometimes)
- but reverses mostly after lactation is done
Colostrum
The solid content of the alveoli undergoes fatty degeneration and is eliminated as “colostrum” when the new born begins sucking
- colostrum has milk like appearance (no fat and little water)
What is colostrum rich with?
Antibodies
When is milk produced? What hormone produces it?
When high levels of the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin stimulate the cells of the acini and levels of estrogen and progesterone are low
What hormones do the placenta produce during pregnancy? (2)
- Estrogen
- Progesterone, inhibiting milk production
What do higher levels of milk inhibit?
Milk production
Where is oxytocin produced from?
Posterior pituitary gland
What is another term for milk ejection?
Let down
Where is milk stored?
In the ampulla
- or lactiferous sinus
Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC)
Breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or in the first postpartum years
What ages is pregnancy associated breast cancer most commonly seen?
32-38
What % of PABC make up breast cancer?
3%
What is the outcome for PABC? Why?
- Poor outcome
- Usually larger and more advanced at the time of diagnosis
PABC
Pregnancy associated breast cancer
Is recurrence common with PABC? If so when?
- Yes
- 2-3 years
Pregnancy-Related Burkitts Lymphoma of the Breast
Rare disease that usually affects pregnant or postpartum patients that rapidly spreads and has a poor prognosis
Spontaneous regression upon cessation of lactation
Massive enlargements of both ovaries is common
Tumours may develop in abdominal organs (eg. Liver, spleen and kidneys)
Peripheral lymph node involvement is rare
What occurs with Pregnancy-Related Burkitts Lymphoma of the Breast? (3)
- Massive enlargement of both
- Massive enlargements of both ovaries is common
- Tumours may develop in abdominal organs (eg. Liver, spleen and kidneys)
How can Pregnancy-Related Burkitts Lymphoma of the Breast regress?
Spontaneous regression upon cessation of lactation
Is there peripheral lymph node involvement with Pregnancy-Related Burkitts Lymphoma of the Breast?
Its rare
What happens to estrogen when women reach menopause? How does that affect the breasts?
- It decreases
- Breast tissue becomes more atrophic and is replaced with fatty tissue
How can the change of breast tissue to fatty tissue be delayed?
With HRT
What type of tissue is easier to see with US and mammo?
Fatty tissue
- Cooper ligaments are stretched
