Pregnancy and Fetal Development

Question 1

Increase in caloric intake for pregnant/lactating

Answer 1

pregnancy: +300 per day
Lactation: +500 per day

Question 2

Naegele’s rule

Answer 2

First day of last menstrual period - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year.

Question 3

Ultrasound

Answer 3

estimates fetal age from head measurement

Question 4

Fundal height measurement procedure and purpose

Answer 4

measure from top of symphysis pubis to top of fundus. Gross estimate of dates. At umbilicus ~20 cm at about 20 weeks. rises about 1 cm/week until 36 weeks.

Question 5

Gravada

Answer 5

total number of pregnancies

Question 6

Para

Answer 6

number of past pregnancies that have gone beyond the period of viability (20 weeks or >500g)

Question 7

primapara

Answer 7

number of fetuses (dead or alive) delivered after 20 weeks

Question 8

term

Answer 8

38-42 weeks

Question 9

Chadwick’s sign

Answer 9

bluish color of cervix from increased blood flow. Indicates pregnancy. Can be observed as early as 6-8 weeks.
Probable sign of pregnancy

Question 10

Endocrine changes

Answer 10

Placenta produces estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen
Pituitary secretes elevated estrogen and progesterone, suppressed LH, FSH, and oxytocin

Question 11

Weight gain

Answer 11

steady, consistent is ideal
total 24-28 lbs (less of overweight)
first trimester 2-4 lbs
second trimester 12-14 lbs
third trimester 8-12 lbs

Question 12

quickening. what is it and when does it occur?

Answer 12

maternal perception of fetal movement.

occurs between 16 and 20 weeks gestation

Question 13

Hegar’s sign

Answer 13

softening and compressibility of isthmus of uterus.

probable sign of pregnancy

Question 14

Fetal heart rate

Answer 14

120-160 bpm at term

Question 15

fetal movement

Answer 15

good indicator of fetal well being: regular pattern of 10 movements in 20 minutes to 2 hours twice a day.
fewer than three movements in a 1 hour period should be reported

Question 16

Chromosomal alterations

Answer 16

Down’s syndrome (trisomy 21) - risk factor women over 35.
Turner’s syndrome (female with only 1 X)
Klinefelter’s syndrome (male with extra X) - usually infertile; may have mild MR

Question 17

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 17

metabolic disorder - autosomal recessive.
Deficiency in liver enzyme which metabolizes amino acid phenylalanine.
metabolites increase in blood - toxic to brain cells.

Question 18

Late decels care

Answer 18

“LIONS” =
Left side, IV fluids, Oxygen, Notify provider,
Stop labor

"FLOP"
Fluids
Lateral position
O2 On
Pitocin off

Question 19

VEAL CHOP

Answer 19

Variable decels = Cord compression
Early decels = Head compression
Acceleration = OK
Late decels = Placental insufficieny