Pregnancy and Fetal Development Flashcards
Increase in caloric intake for pregnant/lactating
pregnancy: +300 per day
Lactation: +500 per day
Naegele’s rule
First day of last menstrual period - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year.
Ultrasound
estimates fetal age from head measurement
Fundal height measurement procedure and purpose
measure from top of symphysis pubis to top of fundus. Gross estimate of dates. At umbilicus ~20 cm at about 20 weeks. rises about 1 cm/week until 36 weeks.
Gravada
total number of pregnancies
Para
number of past pregnancies that have gone beyond the period of viability (20 weeks or >500g)
primapara
number of fetuses (dead or alive) delivered after 20 weeks
term
38-42 weeks
Chadwick’s sign
bluish color of cervix from increased blood flow. Indicates pregnancy. Can be observed as early as 6-8 weeks.
Probable sign of pregnancy
Endocrine changes
Placenta produces estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen
Pituitary secretes elevated estrogen and progesterone, suppressed LH, FSH, and oxytocin
Weight gain
steady, consistent is ideal total 24-28 lbs (less of overweight) first trimester 2-4 lbs second trimester 12-14 lbs third trimester 8-12 lbs
quickening. what is it and when does it occur?
maternal perception of fetal movement.
occurs between 16 and 20 weeks gestation
Hegar’s sign
softening and compressibility of isthmus of uterus.
probable sign of pregnancy
Fetal heart rate
120-160 bpm at term
fetal movement
good indicator of fetal well being: regular pattern of 10 movements in 20 minutes to 2 hours twice a day.
fewer than three movements in a 1 hour period should be reported
Chromosomal alterations
Down’s syndrome (trisomy 21) - risk factor women over 35.
Turner’s syndrome (female with only 1 X)
Klinefelter’s syndrome (male with extra X) - usually infertile; may have mild MR
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
metabolic disorder - autosomal recessive.
Deficiency in liver enzyme which metabolizes amino acid phenylalanine.
metabolites increase in blood - toxic to brain cells.
Late decels care
“LIONS” =
Left side, IV fluids, Oxygen, Notify provider,
Stop labor
"FLOP" Fluids Lateral position O2 On Pitocin off
VEAL CHOP
Variable decels = Cord compression
Early decels = Head compression
Acceleration = OK
Late decels = Placental insufficieny
