Lab Values

Question 1

Potassium normal values

Answer 1

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Question 2

Sodium Normal Values

Answer 2

135-145 mEq/L

Question 3

Ionized/Total serum calcium normal values

Answer 3

Ionized: 4.5-5.1 mEq/L Total: 8.5 - 10.5 mEq/L

Question 4

Magnesium normal values

Answer 4

1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L

Question 5

RBC

Answer 5

Male: 4.6-6.2; famale: 4.2-5.4; child: 3.2-5.2 million/mm^3

Question 6

WBC

Answer 6

adult: 5000-10000; child 5000-13000/mm^3

Question 7

Hgb

Answer 7

Male 13-18 g/dL; female 12-16; child 11-12.5

Question 8

Hematocrit

Answer 8

male 42 -52%, female 35-47%; child 35-45%

Question 9

Bleeding time

Answer 9

1.5-9.5 minutes

Question 10

what is hematocrit

Answer 10

percentage of red blood cells per fluid volume of blood

Question 11

partial thromboplastin time (PPT)

Answer 11

Lower limit 20-25 sec; upper limit 32-39

Question 12

what is partial thromboplastin time (PPT)

Answer 12

monitors effectiveness of heparin therapy. detects coagulation disorders

Question 13

platelet count (thrombocyte)

Answer 13

150,000 - 450,000/mm^3

Question 14

prothrombin time (PT)

Answer 14

9.5-12.0 sec

Question 15

what is prothrombin time (PT)

Answer 15

monitors effectiveness of coumadin therapy. detects coagulation disorders

Question 16

INR (international normalized ratio)

Answer 16

1.0 - normal
2-3 for therapy in afib, DVT, and pulm emboliism
2.5-3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves

Question 17

Sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 17

man: < 15mm/hr
woman > 50: < 25 mm/hr
woman < 50: <30 mm/hr

Question 18

Glucose tolerance test

Answer 18

fasting 60-110 mg/dL
1 hr 190
2 hr 140
3 hr 125

Question 19

Total cholesterol

Answer 19

160 mg/dL if no CAD and < 2 risk factors

<100 if CAD present

Question 20

LDL

Answer 20

optimal 139
Borderline 140-160
High >160

Question 21

HDL

Answer 21

men 35-70

women 35-85

Question 22

fasting for cholesterol test

Answer 22

overnight fast (12-14 hours)

Question 23

Creatinine (CR)

Answer 23

NPO for 8 hours
tests renal function
adult 0.7-1.4 mg/dL
child 0.4-1.2
infant 0.3-0.6

Question 24

Alkaline phosphate

Answer 24

liver and bone function
NPO 8-12 hours
adult 50-150 units/L

Question 25

Creatine kinase (CK)

Answer 25

diagnose acute MI Man 50-235 U/L woman 50-250 child 0-70

Question 26

serum albumin

Answer 26

protein malnutrition | 3.5-5.5 g/dL

Question 27

BUN

Answer 27

renal function 7-18 mg/dL over 60 years 8-20

Question 28

triglycerides

Answer 28

100-200 mg/dL

Question 29

ALT

Answer 29

liver enzyme | 8-40 units

Question 30

AST

Answer 30

liver enzyme | 8-40 units

Question 31

Allen test

Answer 31

checks collateral circulation in forearm Occlude radial and ulnar arteries release ulnar - color should return in 7 sec

Question 32

ABG pH

Answer 32

7.35-7.45

Question 33

PaO2

Answer 33

80-100 mmHg

Question 34

SaO2

Answer 34

95-98%

Question 35

PaCO2

Answer 35

35-45mmHg Respiratory acidosis >45mmHg Respiratory alkalosis <35mmHg

Question 36

HCO3

Answer 36

22-26 mEq/L | Metabolic acidosis 26 mEq/L

Question 37

urine specific gravity

Answer 37

1.010-1.030

Question 38

creatinine clearance

Answer 38

24 hour urine collection | normal 1.67-2.5 mL/s

Question 39

Chloride normal value

Answer 39

95-105

Question 40

phosphorus normal value

Answer 40

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Question 41

ABG analysis

Answer 41

6 Steps to ABG Analysis Step 1: Look at PH - Is it normal acidotic or alkylotic Step 2: Look at CO2 - Is it normal, acidotic or alkylotic Step 3: Look at the HCO3 (Bicarb): Is it normal, acidotic or alkylotic Step 4: Match the PH with either CO2 or Bicarb (HCO3) What matches PH is the primary imbalance Step 5: Look for value that goes opposite direction of the PH If PH is acidotic - look for the thing that is Alkylotic that is compensation If PH is alkylotic - Step 6: Look at P02 and O2 Sat 1. PH: 7.35-7.45 High is Alkalosis/Low is acidosis 2. CO2: 35-45 Low is Alkalosis / High is acidosis 3. HCO3: 22-26 High is alkalotic / low is acidotic. 4. PO2: 80-100 5. O2Sat: 95%-100% What could cause metabolic alkylosis: Loosing Acid from body - vomiting - metabolic alkylosis What could cause metabolic acidosis: Losing Base from the body - diarrhea - metabolic acidosis other things that could cause acidosis: DKA, Shock,