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NCLEX > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Drugs to treat shock, cardiac arrest, and anaphylaxis

A 
Norepinephrine (Levophed)
Dopamine (Intropin)
Epinephrine (adrenalin)
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Dobutamine hydrochloride (Dobutrex)
Milrinone (Primacor)
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
Benadryl
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2
Q

Benzodiazepine - Antianxiety

A 
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Diazepam (Valium)
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Clonazepam (Klonopin
Lorazepam (Ativan
Oxazepam (Serax)
Midazalam (Versed)
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3
Q

Non benzo antianxiety meds

A

Buspirone (BuSpar)

Hydroxyzine (Vistaril/Atarax)

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4
Q

Herbal antianxiety meds

A

Kava

Melatonin

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5
Q

Buspar nursing considerations

A 
Little sedation
Requires 3 weeks to be effective
No abuse potential
useful for GAD
Avoid alcohol and grapefruit juice
Monitor for worsening depression/suicide
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6
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

N/V/D, vision changes

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7
Q

Adverse reaction to ritalin

A

Weight loss

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8
Q

Adrenergics action, uses, examples

A

stimulate beta-2 receptors in lungs
used for cardiac arrest and COPD
EX: levophed (norepinephrine), Intropin (dopamine), epinephrine

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9
Q

side effects and nursing considerations of adrenergics

A

SE - dysrhythmias, tremors, anticholinergic effects

NC - Monitor BP, peripheral pulses, check UO. safety - no driving - watch ability to move on stairs…

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10
Q

s/sx of anaphylactic reaction

A

itching
tingling in mouth, closing airway, tongue swelling, rashes, swelling, hives, decreased bp, dilated vessels, abdominal pains, cramps, N/V/D

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11
Q

Cisplatin (Platinol-AQ)

A

Can cause n/v - give with antiemetic

Can cause ototoxicity/hearing loss

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12
Q

doxycycline calcium (Vibramycin) - NC

A

Increase water intake
may cause photosensitivity
take 1 hr before/2 hr after meals
do not take at bedtime, can cause reflux

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13
Q

Antacids interactions

A

interferes with absorption of antibiotics, iron preparations, INH, oral contraceptives

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14
Q

Laxative classification

A

Saline cathartic: magnesium citrate, milk of magnesia
Bulk forming: citrucel, metamucil
Lubricant: mineral oil
Stool softners: ducosate sodium (Colace)
stimulants: Bisacodyl (Cycolax), Castor oil, Senna (Senokot)

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15
Q

Antidysrhythmic agents

A

atropine sulfate, lidocaine, pronestyl, quinidine, isuprel

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16
Q

patient position for rectal meds

A

left side
insert 2 inches
lay still: suppository: 10-20 minutes; enema: 20-30 minutes

17
Q

Thyazide diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ, Dydrodiuril), Zaroxlyn
Monitor electrolytes - K+ secreted
Take in AM
Eat foods high in potassium

18
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumex

Take in AM
May need potassium suppliment
monitor electrolytes and UO

19
Q

Aminoglycosides - antibiotics

examples and SE

A

“Mycin” - gentamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin
SE - ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, take 7-10 days, NVD, destroy normal floura, encourage fluids,

monitor therapeutic drug levels (peak and trough) peak 1 hour after; trough take just before next dose.

20
Q

normal UO

A

1500 ml/day; 60/hr

21
Q

Cephalosporins - examples, SE, NC

A

“Cef, Ceph”: ceclor (cefaclor), Ancef (cefazolin), Keflex (cephalexin), Rocephin (Ceftriaxone), Mefoxin (Cefoxitin)
SE: bone marrow depression, take with food, CROSS ALLERGY with PCN, avoid alcohol, obtain C&S

22
Q

PCN cross allergy

A

Cephalosporins

23
Q

Contrast medium contraindicated drug

A

Metformin

24
Q

Fluoroquinolones - examples, SE, NC

A

Cipro (Ciprofloxin)
SE: diarrhea, decreased WBC and htc, elevated liver enzymes, elevated alkaline phosphatase
NC: C&S before starting, encourage fluids, take 1 hr before; 2 hrs after food. don’t take with antacids or iron preparations.

25
Q

Microlide antibiotics

A

Erhythromycin, cleocin (Clindamycin)

used for acute infections, acne, URI, prophylaxis for dental procedures if allergic to PCN.

26
Q

Antidysrhythmics - drugs by class

A 
1A - Procainamide (Pronestyl)
Disopyramine (Norpace)
1B-
Lidocaine
Mexiletine HCl (Mexitil)
Tocainide HCl (Rythmol)
1C-
Flecainide (Tambocor)
Propafenone HCl (Rythmol)
II-
Propanolol (Ideral)
Acebutolol (Sectral)
Esmolol HCl (Brevibloc)
Sotalol HCl (Betapace)
III-
Amiodarone HCl (Cordarone)
Ibutlide fumarate (Corvert)
Dofetilide (Tikosyn)
IV
Verapamil (calan)
Diltiazem HCl (Cardizem)
27
Q

What is “red man syndrome”, caused by what, and how to treat?

A

Decreased blood pressure, flushing of face and neck - reaction to Vancomycin
Give antihistamine to treat

28
Q

-“pril”

A

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

-Captopril (Capoten)
-Enalapril
Lisinopril
Benazepril
Fosinopril
Quinapril
Ramipril

29
Q

Actions, SE and NC of ACE inhibitors

A

Blocks ACE in lungs from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Decreases BP, decreased aldosterone secretion, sodium and fluid loss.

-Captopril (Capoten)
-Enalapril
Lisinopril
Benazepril
Fosinopril
Quinapril
Ramipril
SE - gastric irritation, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, MI, proteinuria, dry nonproductive cough, peripheral edema.
Do not take with food - decreased absorption
Frequent mouth care

30
Q

-“olol”

A 
Beta-Adrenergic blockers (antihypertensive)
Atenolol
Nadolol
Propranolol
Metoprolol (Lorpressor)
31
Q

Actions, SE, NC of Beta Adrenergic Blockers

A

Blocks B-adrenergic receptors in heart; decreases excitability of heart. Reduces cardiac workload and O2 consumption.
Decreases release of renin
Lowers BP by reducing CNS stimuli

Can cause gastric pain, brady/tachycardia, dysrhythmias, impotence, dizziness, bronchospasm

Gradual taper - do not discontinue abruptly, take with meals
Atenolol
Nadolol
Propranolol
Metoprolol (Lorpressor)
32
Q

“pine”

A

Calcium Channel Blockers - Antihypertensive

  • Nefedipine (Procardia)
  • Verapamil (Calan)
  • Diltiazem (Cardizem)
  • Amlodipine (Norvasc)
  • Felodipine (Plendil)
33
Q

Action, SE, NC of Calcium channel blockers

A

Inhibit movement of Ca across membrane of cardiac and arterial mm cells - slow impulse of conduction
Used in HTN and dysrhythmias
Can cause dizziness, headache, Peripheral edema, bradycardia, AV block, flushing, rash

monitor VS, contraindicated in heart block, call provider if BP<90/60
No grapefruit juice with verapamil
monitor for Heart Failure

  • Nefedipine (Procardia)
  • Verapamil (Calan)
  • Diltiazem (Cardizem)
  • Amlodipine (Norvasc)
  • Felodipine (Plendil)
34
Q

“sartan”

A

Angiotensin II receptor agonists - antihypertensive

  • Candesartan
  • Eprosartan
  • Irbesartan
  • Losartan (Cozaar)
  • Valsartan
35
Q

Action, SE, NC of Angiotensin II receptor agonsits

A

SE - angioedema, renal failure, orthostatic hypotension
NC - monitor for edema, teach to notify provider if edema occurs

  • Candesartan
  • Eprosartan
  • Irbesartan
  • Losartan (Cozaar)
  • Valsartan
36
Q

Drugs that interact with grapefruit juice

A

Calcium channel blockers: “pine”, diltiazem, verapamil
Caffeine
Cabamazepine
Buspirone (Buspar)
Midazolam
SSRIs: Fluozetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline
Sildenafil

NCLEX (8 decks)

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