Pregnancy Flashcards
How many weeks are the first, second and third trimesters?
1st trimester: 0-13w
2nd trimester: 13-26w
3rd trimester: 26-39w
What is term?
The time given to the 37th-41st week of pregnancy
What maternal changes happen in the first trimester?
Altered hormones (new baby being made!) Altered brain function (baby brain!) Altered emotional state (aaaah baby!) Altered appetite (quality and quantity) Altered immune function
Note: these changes can also happen during later stages
What maternal changes happen in the second trimester?
Increased blood volume
Increased clotting tendency
Decreased BP
Altered fluid balance (peeing more, drinking more)
Note: these changes can also happen during later stages
What maternal changes happen in the third trimester?
Increased weight Altered joints (pelvic changes)
Which hormone increases rapidly during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy and then falls?
HCG
What is the function of HCG?
Maintains production of oestrogen and progesterone
Morning sickness is thought to be related to rise in which hormone?
HCG (it peaks in the first trimester, and morning sickness is also seen in the first trimester)
Which three other hormones are produced during the second and third trimesters? List these in order of intensity
Progesterone > oestradiol > placental lactogen
What is a conceptus? Give three examples
Everything resulting from a fertilised egg e.g. baby, placenta, fetal membranes
Distinguish between embryo and fetus
EmBryo - Before it’s clearly human
Fetus - baby that’s clearly human
What is a blastocyst?
The initial bilayer of cells
What is a yolk sac?
Preliminary circulatory system attached to the embryo
What classification system is used to classify human development?
Carnegie stages of human development
Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of using other animal foetuses to study human pregnancy
Embryos of various species looks similar
However, size of embryo differs
Length of pregnancy differs