Pregnancy Flashcards
___ ___ are the most common cause of infant mortality in the USA.
Birth defects
Environmental substances that cause birth defects are called ___. These include: drugs, meds, infections, chemicals.
teratogens
A ___ can cause abnormalities of structure or function, growth retardation, or fetal demise.
Teratogens
Teratogen medications to avoid during pregnancy include:
isotretinoin (Accutane), acitretin (Soriatane), thalidomide (Thalomid), lenalidomide (Revlimid)
Other drugs to avoid in pregnancy:
ACE inhibitors (enalapril or captopril), androgens and testosterone products, anticancer drugs, antifolic acid drugs, warfarin, carbamazepine, lithium, phenytoin, valproic acid, streptomycin, tetracyclines
Studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first or later trimesters is known as category ___. This includes PNV and levothyroxine.
A
This fetal risk category has no evidence of risk in humans, but has shown risk in animal studies. This includes acetaminophen, cephalosporins, PCN’s, NSAIDS, insulin, H2 blockers, metformin.
B
This fetal risk category can not be excluded. This includes: TMP/SMX, BB’s, antidepressants.
C
This fetal risk category shows evidence of human fetal risk. This includes lithium, phenytoin, NSAIDS, paroxetine.
D
This fetal risk category shows that risks clearly outweighs any possible benefit (contraindicated). This includes: retinoids, warfarin, thalidomide, alcohol, cocaine, live vaccines
X
Things you can do to prevent birth defects: don’t ___ or ___, take ___ ___, screen and tx ___, avoid kid ___, avoid cat ___, avoid ___, avoid poorly cooked ___, keep ___ current.
smoke, drink, folic acid, DM/GDM, spit, litter, rodents, meat, immunizations
Important to take prenatal ___ during pregnancy.
vitamin
___ ___ has a greater need during pregnancy and should be started ___ months prior to intended conception and continued throughout pregnancy.
folic acid, 3
Folic acid reduces the risk of ___ ___ defects.
neural tube
To avoid hyperemesis/n/v, eat ___, frequent meals, avoid ___, ___ root.
small, triggers, ginger
Meds used for mild nausea include:
pyridoxine (vitamin b-6), meclizine (Antivert), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), doxylamine (OTC Unisom), H2 blockers (ranitidine), metoclopramide (Reglan)
Meds used for unrelieved nausea:
promethazine (Phenergan), prochlorperazine (Compazine), ondansetron (Zofran)
For pain relief in pregnancy, ___ is DOC. Avoid ___ and ___.
acetaminophen, ASA, NSAIDS
For cough/cold preparations, ___ is DOC in pregnancy.
chlorpheniramine
Avoid the herb ___ during pregnancy d/t safety concerns in the fetus.
echinacea
Beta-agonists (albuterol), ICS’s (fluticasone), and combo MDI’s (Advair) are all okay during ___.
pregnancy.
___ generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine and ___ generation antihistamines like loratadine and cetirizine are okay to use during ___.
First, second, pregnancy
___ is the most common antidepressant class used in pregnancy. These include:
SSRI’s, Prozac/fluoxetine, Zoloft/sertraline, Celexa/citalopram, Lexapro/excitalopram
Avoid the medications ___ and ___ for depressed pregnancy pts. Category ___.
paxil, wellbutrin, D
___ is the best medication to use for PP depression while breastfeeding.
Zoloft
Antibx to avoid in pregnancy include:
tetracyclines, streptomycin, and kanamycin
UTI in pregnancy if left untreated can lead to ___ and/or ___.
pyelonephritis, sepsis
Antibx DOC used to tx UTI in pregnancy include: ___. Others include ___ and ___. Avoid ___, esp during 3rd trimester b/c it is category ___.
nitrofurantoin, PCN, cephalosporin, bactrim, C
Malformation occurs d/t ___. Deformation occurs d/t ___. Disruption occurs in ___.
genetics, environment, utero
Okay to use same meds for asthma during pregnancy: beta-agonists ___, ICS ___, and combo MDI’s ___.
albuterol, fluticasone, Advair
