Pregnancy

Question 1

___ ___ are the most common cause of infant mortality in the USA.

Answer 1

Birth defects

Question 2

Environmental substances that cause birth defects are called ___. These include: drugs, meds, infections, chemicals.

Answer 2

teratogens

Question 3

A ___ can cause abnormalities of structure or function, growth retardation, or fetal demise.

Answer 3

Teratogens

Question 4

Teratogen medications to avoid during pregnancy include:

Answer 4

isotretinoin (Accutane), acitretin (Soriatane), thalidomide (Thalomid), lenalidomide (Revlimid)

Question 5

Other drugs to avoid in pregnancy:

Answer 5

ACE inhibitors (enalapril or captopril), androgens and testosterone products, anticancer drugs, antifolic acid drugs, warfarin, carbamazepine, lithium, phenytoin, valproic acid, streptomycin, tetracyclines

Question 6

Studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first or later trimesters is known as category ___. This includes PNV and levothyroxine.

Answer 6

A

Question 7

This fetal risk category has no evidence of risk in humans, but has shown risk in animal studies. This includes acetaminophen, cephalosporins, PCN’s, NSAIDS, insulin, H2 blockers, metformin.

Answer 7

B

Question 8

This fetal risk category can not be excluded. This includes: TMP/SMX, BB’s, antidepressants.

Answer 8

C

Question 9

This fetal risk category shows evidence of human fetal risk. This includes lithium, phenytoin, NSAIDS, paroxetine.

Answer 9

D

Question 10

This fetal risk category shows that risks clearly outweighs any possible benefit (contraindicated). This includes: retinoids, warfarin, thalidomide, alcohol, cocaine, live vaccines

Answer 10

X

Question 11

Things you can do to prevent birth defects: don’t ___ or ___, take ___ ___, screen and tx ___, avoid kid ___, avoid cat ___, avoid ___, avoid poorly cooked ___, keep ___ current.

Answer 11

smoke, drink, folic acid, DM/GDM, spit, litter, rodents, meat, immunizations

Question 12

Important to take prenatal ___ during pregnancy.

Answer 12

vitamin

Question 13

___ ___ has a greater need during pregnancy and should be started ___ months prior to intended conception and continued throughout pregnancy.

Answer 13

folic acid, 3

Question 14

Folic acid reduces the risk of ___ ___ defects.

Answer 14

neural tube

Question 15

To avoid hyperemesis/n/v, eat ___, frequent meals, avoid ___, ___ root.

Answer 15

small, triggers, ginger

Question 16

Meds used for mild nausea include:

Answer 16

pyridoxine (vitamin b-6), meclizine (Antivert), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), doxylamine (OTC Unisom), H2 blockers (ranitidine), metoclopramide (Reglan)

Question 17

Meds used for unrelieved nausea:

Answer 17

promethazine (Phenergan), prochlorperazine (Compazine), ondansetron (Zofran)

Question 18

For pain relief in pregnancy, ___ is DOC. Avoid ___ and ___.

Answer 18

acetaminophen, ASA, NSAIDS

Question 19

For cough/cold preparations, ___ is DOC in pregnancy.

Answer 19

chlorpheniramine

Question 20

Avoid the herb ___ during pregnancy d/t safety concerns in the fetus.

Answer 20

echinacea

Question 21

Beta-agonists (albuterol), ICS’s (fluticasone), and combo MDI’s (Advair) are all okay during ___.

Answer 21

pregnancy.

Question 22

___ generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine and ___ generation antihistamines like loratadine and cetirizine are okay to use during ___.

Answer 22

First, second, pregnancy

Question 23

___ is the most common antidepressant class used in pregnancy. These include:

Answer 23

SSRI’s, Prozac/fluoxetine, Zoloft/sertraline, Celexa/citalopram, Lexapro/excitalopram

Question 24

Avoid the medications ___ and ___ for depressed pregnancy pts. Category ___.

Answer 24

paxil, wellbutrin, D

Question 25

___ is the best medication to use for PP depression while breastfeeding.

Answer 25

Zoloft

Question 26

Antibx to avoid in pregnancy include:

Answer 26

tetracyclines, streptomycin, and kanamycin

Question 27

UTI in pregnancy if left untreated can lead to ___ and/or ___.

Answer 27

pyelonephritis, sepsis

Question 28

Antibx DOC used to tx UTI in pregnancy include: ___. Others include ___ and ___. Avoid ___, esp during 3rd trimester b/c it is category ___.

Answer 28

nitrofurantoin, PCN, cephalosporin, bactrim, C

Question 29

Malformation occurs d/t ___. Deformation occurs d/t ___. Disruption occurs in ___.

Answer 29

genetics, environment, utero

Question 30

Okay to use same meds for asthma during pregnancy: beta-agonists ___, ICS ___, and combo MDI’s ___.

Answer 30

albuterol, fluticasone, Advair