Hypogonadism Flashcards
___ is a clinical syndrome that results from failure of teh testis to produce physiological levels of ___ and a normal number of ___ d/t disruption of one or more levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis.
hypogonadism, testosterone, spermatozoa
Symptoms of primary hypogonadism is more common with testosterone levels < ___ and increased ___ and ___.
300, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Congenital causes of hypogonadism include: ___ syndrome and congenital ___ ___.
Kleinfelter’s, adrenal hyperplasia
Symptoms of secondary hypogonadism portrays ___ testosterone and ___ LH/FSH.
decreased, decreased
Drugs such as ___, ___, and ___ can cause secondary hypogonadism.
opiates, glucocorticoids, androgens
Drugs such as ___, ___, and ___ can cause primary hypogonadism.
ETOH, ketoconazole, chemorx
Symptoms of hypogonadism include: ___ libido, ___ erections, ___, loss of body ___, shrinking ___, inability to ___, ___ loss, hot ___/sweats.
decreased, decreased, hair, testes, conceive, height, flushes
When to test for hypogonadism: if they have a ___ mass, have been on long-term tx w/meds that affect ___ production, ___-associated wt loss, ___, ___, ___ or low trauma fracture.
sellar, testosterone, HIV, ESRD, infertility, osteoporosis
It is best to test testosterone levels in the ___ b/c they are at their highest.
morning
Contraindications for testosterone therapy include:
prostate or breast carcinoma, urinary symptoms d/t BPH, polycythemia
Goals of testosterone therapy is to: improve ___ function and restore ___, increase ___ mass and ___, increase ___ density and reduce the risk for ___, improve ___, and increase ___.
sexual, libido, muscle, strength, bone, fractures, energy, hematocrit
Achieve testosterone levels in range of ___-___.
350-750
Adverse effects of testosterone therapy include: ___, ___ or oily skin, reduced ___ production.
erythrocytosis, acne, sperm
First-line tx for hypogonadism is ___. May also use testosterone ___ and ___ as second-line tx.
testosterone cypionate (depo-testosterone), patches, gels
If going w/patches, apply to non-___ areas.
pressure
Testosterone patches include:
androderm and testoderm
Testosterone gels include:
androgel
Disadvantage of testosterone gel/patches is that it must be applied ___.
daily
___ is a transbucal testosterone patch applied to the upper ___ every ___ hrs.
Striant, gum, 12
Testosterone pellets are implanted via ___ and need to be changed out every ___-___ months.
SQ, 3-6
All tx’s that apply to primary hypogonadism also applied to ___ hypogonadism.
secondary
Exogenous testosterone decreases chance of ___. The medication ___ ___ preserves fertility.
fertility, clomphene citrate
Clomphene citrate (aka ____ is used in the tx for ___ hypogonadism. It works by blocking pituitary ___ receptors, and also increases ___ and ___ which stimulates testicular function.
clomid, secondary, estrogen, LH, FSH
Check testosterone levels every ___-___ wks after initiating tx. Goal of levels should be: ___-___.
4-6, 350-800
Once testosterone levels are stable and in target range, monitor every ___-___ months, and check ___ and ___ annually.
6-12, hematocrit, PSA
Primary is d/t ___ failure. Secondary is d/t ___ deficiency.
testicular, gonadotropin (LH/FSH)
Gynecomastia is an indicator of ___.
hypogonadism
Need to check a ___ level before starting on testosterone therapy. Goal of ___ or less.
PSA, 4
Testosterone therapy is always given through the ___. Never given orally b/c it is potentially ___.
skin, hepatotoxic
Greater tendency of ___ when you take IM testosterone d/t greater fluctuations
erythrocytosis
Gonadotropins include ___ and ___.
LH, FSH
