Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Child Development > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of pregnancy

A

Morning sickness
Missed period
Feeling tired
Tingling nipples
Needing to go to the toilet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does a pregnancy test work

A

You pee on the test or in a pot and then dip it into the pot. All pregnancy tests detect the hormone Human Chronic Gonadotropin (HCG) which starts to be produced around 6 days after fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Problems in pregnancy

A

Heartburn
Nausea
Tastes and cravings
Constipation
Varicose veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are varicose veins

A

These are veins that have become swollen and stretched. This may occur to veins in the legs during pregnancy making them ache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is oedema

A

During pregnancy ankles, feet and fingers often swell as the body is holding more water than normal. Towards the end of the day extra water tends to gather in the lowest parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is backache

A

As the baby grows the hollow in the lower back can become more pronounced and cause backache. Also during pregnancy the ligaments become softer and stretch to prepare the body for labour so this can put a strain on the joints of the lower back and pelvis causing backache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy

A

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilised egg implants in a fallopian tube instead of the uterus. The fertilised egg cant develop properly and the mothers health can be at serious risk if the pregnancy continues. Warning signs are pain and vaginal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a miscarriage

A

It is the loss of pregnancy during the first 24 weeks, the baby comes out of the uterus too early to survive on its own. Signs of miscarriage are pain and vaginal bleeding. Miscarriages are quite common in the first 3 months of pregnancy. Reason is usually unknown but it could be because there is something with the development of the baby or rejection by mothers immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identical twins in the uterus

A

Same placenta
Same egg and sperm
Separate amniotic sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fraternal twins in the uterus

A

2 eggs
2 sperm
Separate placentas
Separate amniotic sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Identical twins

A

Identical twins develop when a fertilised egg splits into 2 parts and each develops into an individual. These twins are very much alike in appearance and are always of the same sex as they have inherited identical genes. Identical twins are more likely to be born to a younger mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fraternal twins

A

Fraternal twins develop when 2 eggs are released instead of one. Each egg is fertilised by a different sperm so the twins will be no more alike than any other 2 children in the same family. They can be the same sex or a boy and a girl. The chance of fraternal twins increases with the age of the mother, the number of pregnancies and history of twins in mother’s family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Baby development at week 6

A

Human embryos look more like a fish or frog ( tadpole)
Facial features are beginning to form
The heart is beating.
Initial development of organs, bones and blood
Buds appear where arms and legs will develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Baby at week 14

A

About 85 mm
During weeks 10-14 the nerves and muscles develop rapidly
Fetus has all of its organs,muscles, limbs and bones and all sex organs are developed
Mother doesn’t feel movement at this stage
Heartbeat is strong and fast and can be heard by ultrasound scanner
Fetus weighs around 55g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Baby at week 14

A

About 85 mm
During weeks 10-14 the nerves and muscles develop rapidly
Fetus has all of its organs,muscles, limbs and bones and all sex organs are developed
Mother doesn’t feel movement at this stage
Heartbeat is strong and fast and can be heard by ultrasound scanner
Fetus weighs around 55g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Baby at week 20

A
  • Around this time mother is able to feel movement
  • The heartbeat can be heard through a stethoscope
  • Fetus weighs around 350g
  • Hair, eyebrows and eyelashes are beginning to grow
  • Fetus has its own fingerprint. finger nails and toe nails are growing
17
Q

Baby at week 28

A
  • Development is almost complete. Limbs and organs are developed.
  • The remaining time will be spent growing larger and stronger
  • Eyes may be able to see light filtering through the uterus
  • Fetus weighs around 1.1kg and is 37 cm long
  • Fetus is energetic and moves around vigorously
  • Fetus responds to touch and sound and will jump if startled by a loud noise.
  • Fetus sleeps and wakes in patterns
18
Q

Babys brain development

A
  • A baby’s brain starts developing almost at the moment of conception.

-By 3 weeks pregnant the developing embryo has formed a neural groove, which is the foundation for the brain structure.

-By the time the babies are born, their brain will have over 100 billion neurons

19
Q

Brain development in first trimester

A
  • The brain grows at a remarkably rapid rate.
  • By the end of the third week of gestation, embryo has formed the three parts of the brain.
  • 1 week later the brain begins functioning
  • At this point the brain begins to work on the placement of all major organs and systems.
  • By the end of the eighth week of pregnancy, all major organs are in place
20
Q

Brain development in second trimester

A
  • By the start of the second trimester, all major structures of the brain are in place and functioning.
  • From this point forward the brain and major organs continue to develop and mature.
  • The brain connects to all parts of the body during this time
21
Q

Brain development in third trimester

A
  • The baby’s brain is developing rapidly during the last 3 months of pregnancy
  • At this age the fetus can kick swallow and react to sound and light.
  • The unborn baby will begin to recognise the mother routine and may begin to kick more when hearing the start of a regularly watched TV show
22
Q

What is Aggregation

A

As the brain is formed, cells are being placed precisely where they need to go in a process called aggregation.
As the foetal brain develops, cells are organised in proper directions and layers, but sometimes this process goes awry. Abnormal cell aggregation in the brain might be caused by genetic or external factors such as poor maternal health habits such as drinking alcohol or using drugs . Studies show that chronic stress in the mother to be can also affect brain development

23
Q

Foetal Alcohol Sydrome

A

Foetal Alcohol Sydrome is the primary known preventable cause of mental retardation. Babies born with this have measurable differences in brain structure.
- Babies with alcohol foetal sydrome may have
- a small head
- folds of skin between the eyes and nose
- smooth area between the nose and upper lip
- Thin upper lip
- small eye openings
- flat upper part of nose
- short nose

24
Q

Problems for premature

A
  • The baby’s brain continues to develop after birth.
  • However babies born prematurely have compromised brains that may not develop as readily as babies born full term
  • This is thought to be part due to the large amount of stimuli premature babies experience, which is much different than babies born full term.
  • Full term babies finish their development in the dark quiet environment of the womb
25
Q

To help brain development in the baby, a mother should ..

A

Take daily prenatal vitamins - taking it will help ensure you get the balance of nutrients your baby needs, like folic acid and B12 to make red blood cells , vitamin c to produce collagen, vitamin D for bone building and zinc for brain development

-Eat omega-3 fatty acids - may boost baby’s brainpower. In the more fish women ate during the second trimester the higher their babies scored on a mental development test at 6 months of age. Omega 3sare found in braincell membranes, so there are plenty of ways they can Influence brain function.

-Be mindful of mercury - mercury contamination in some fish may be harmful to baby’s nervous system. Pregnant women should avoid shark, marlin and swordfish and limit amount of tuna they eat to no more than 2 tuna steaks a week

-Eat lots of fruit and vegetables as they contain antioxidants which are good for the baby as anti oxidants protect the baby’s brain tissue from damage

  • Avoid alcohol though alcohol foetal sydrome is associated with heavy alcohol abuse during pregnancy, even moderate amounts of alcohol can harm a baby’s brain and can lead to problems with learning, attention, memory and social skills in later life
  • Pump up Iron - iron intake needs to increase during pregnancy, since iron helps deliver life sustaining oxygen to the baby. If the baby is deprived of oxygen in the womb, the risk of poor growth and IQ increase.
  • Watch for food poisoning - toxoplasmosis an illnes caused by a parasite found in under cooked meat and eggs produces flu like symptoms for the mum but potentially devastating consequences for the baby including blindness hearing loss and mental retardation
26
Q

Function of a placenta

A
  • The organ which the babyfeeds, breathes and excretes waste through in the womb.
  • Blood flows continuously to and from the placenta through the umbilical cord
  • Baby’s and mum’s blood do not mix but come very close for food and oxygen to pass from mum to baby and for carbon dioxide and waste from kidneys to pass from baby to mother.
  • Viruses, alcohol, antibodies sand chemicals from smoke and medicines can also cross the placenta from the blood of mum to the blood of the baby.
27
Q

Function of amniotic sac and fluid

A
  • A bag/ sac of fluid in which the baby floats in called the amniotic sac and it protects the baby from injury but also helps to regulate the temperature of the Fetus
  • Before or during labour the sac breaks and the fluid leaks out. This is known as the waters breaking
28
Q

Function of cervix

A
  • The neck of the uterus
  • It’s normally closed, with just a small opening for blood to pass through during monthly periods
  • During labour, the cervix will dilate ( open up) to around 10 cm to let the baby move from uterus to vagina prior to the birth
29
Q

Function of umbilical cord

A
  • It is the cord that attaches the baby to the placenta linking the baby and mother
  • Blood circulates through the cord, carrying oxygen and food to the baby and carrying waste away from baby to mother.

Child Development (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions