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Child Development > Antenatal Care > Flashcards

Antenatal Care Flashcards

1
Q

What is antenatal care

A

It is the care given throughout pregnancy

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2
Q

Where can antenatal care take place

A
  • Antenatal clinic
  • GP
  • With community midwife
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3
Q

What is the purpose of antenatal care

A

Its purpose is to check baby’s development, that pregnancy is going well and for mother to discuss any concerns

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4
Q

When is the first antenatal appointment

A

Between the 8th and 12th week of pregnancy and then once a month , then more frequent

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5
Q

What information will be needed by the hospital at the first antenatal appointment

A
  • Medical History - to identify epilepsy, allergies, diabetes etc.
  • Family History - to check risk of a serious genetic disease
  • Present history - to identify any problems e.g. blood loss, pain, vomiting
  • To identify any special needs of the family to be
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6
Q

What are the benefit of antenatal care

A
  • Mother will get advice from medical staff eg
    midwife on problems in pregnancy, diet-
    changes required etc.
  • Mother will get tests/checks carried out to
    inform and reassure her or to address
    problems.
  • Mother will discuss the birth plan with the
    midwife- hospital will know
    wishes/preferences, mother feels more in
    control.
  • Mother can meet the medical professionals
    that are involved in the birth eg midwife,
    obstetrician.
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7
Q

Checks carried out at antenatal appointments

A
  • Weight check
  • Blood tests
  • Blood pressure check
  • Urine test
  • Baby’s heartbeat
    -Screening tests
    -Ultrasound scan
  • Nuchal translucency scan
  • Quadruple test
  • Amniocentesis
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8
Q

What is the reason for the weight check

A
  • women are weighed at first appointment to establish base weight
  • If they are putting on more weight than expected, it could be an sign of pre-eclampsia which will need treatment
  • Weight loss in the mother can indicate illness in the mother or could indicate that the baby has stopped growing
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9
Q

What are the different blood tests carried out at the antenatal appointments

A
  • Anemia
  • Blood group
  • Rhesus Factor
  • Immunity to HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B
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10
Q

What is the reason for the blood test for anemia

A
  • A lack of iron in blood leads to tiredness and lethargy in the mother-to-be. Iron tablets may be needed
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11
Q

What is the reason for the blood test for Blood group

A

This is essential information if the mother was to need a blood transfusion - might be needed if she loses excessive blood

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12
Q

What is the reason for the blood test for Rhesus factor

A

Most people have this in their blood and their blood is termed rhesus positive. Those who don’t have this are rhesus negative.
This is inherited and problems can arise when the father is rhesus positive and the mother is rhesus negative.
If the baby is positive, all is fine but if the baby is negative then they can have anemia, jaundice an delayed mental development.

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13
Q

What is the reason for the blood test for Immunity to HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B

A

This routine blood test is to detect any mothers who are infected with these diseases. If they get early treatment and care, it will reduce the risk of passing it onto the baby or other family members

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14
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21
Q

What is the reason for the blood pressure check

A
  • Blood pressure is checked at every visit
  • If the blood pressure rises too high she may have to go to the hospital to rest or be given medication to reduce it
  • This is dangerous because it can be a sign of which can lead to eclampsia and can be fatal to mother and baby
22
Q

What is the reason for the urine test

A
  • Protein in the urine might show an infection or pre-eclampsia
  • Glucose - in the urine can indicate diabetes
  • Ketones - might be present if there has been excessive vomiting (hyperemesis) and hospitalisation is needed to rehydrate the mum.
23
Q

What is the reason for the baby’s heartbeat test

A
  • This is checked and monitored to confirm the baby is alive and well

-The midwife or doctor may also listen to hear if the heartbeat is normal

  • The expected heartbeat of a newborn is 110 - 180 beats per minute
24
Q

What is the reason for the ultrasound scan

A
  • Sound waves are used to produce pictures of the baby in the uterus. A routine ultrasound is usually offered at :
    • 8-14 weeks of pregnancy to estimate the age of the unborn baby and find out how many babies there are
    • At 18 - 21 weeks to check for any physical abnormalities of the baby
25
Q

When is a routine ultrasound often offered

A

A routine ultrasound is usually offered at :
• 8-14 weeks of pregnancy to estimate the age of the unborn baby and find out how many babies there are
• At 18 - 21 weeks to check for any physical abnormalities of the baby

26
Q

What is the Nuchal translucency scan

A
  • Nuchal translucency is a collection of fluid under the skin at the nape of the neck.
  • It can be measured on an ultrasound scan between 11-14 weeks.
  • The greater the fluid the higher risk of an inherited condition such as down syndrome
27
Q

What is the quadruple test

A

This is a special test carried out at around 15-22 weeks.

  • It measures the amount of 4 hormones in the mothers blood and is also a screening test for down syndrome and spine bifida.
  • It can’t tell whether the baby has these.conditions but can tell which woman is at risk
28
Q

What is Amniocentesis test and how is it carried out

A

This test may be carried out (15 -20) weeks when the quadruple test or the ultrasound indicate there is something wrong with the baby’s development.

  • A hollow needle is inserted into the mum’s abdominal wall and into the uterus to obtain a small sample of amniotic fluid.
  • By analysing the fluid, it is possible to detect some diseases such as spina bifida, downs syndrome, sickle cell anemia or muscular dystrophy
29
Q

How can a partner help during pregnancy

A
  • support during morning sickness
  • be encouraging
  • accompany her to doctors visits
  • prepare for the delivery day
  • help around the house and with heavy things
30
Q

How can the partner support the mother during labour and birth

A
  • massaging her back, shoulder or legs
  • supporting her body
  • Timing contractions
  • Giving encouragement, drinks, snacks or ice cubes
  • Sponging her down to keep her cool
  • Talking/finding ways to pass time
  • Helping her to find a comfortable position
  • Making sure health professionals are aware of the birth plan
  • reassuring her if she is worried or distressed
31
Q

Health professionals involved during pregnancy and birth (6)

A
  • Doctor ( GP)
  • Midwife
  • Sonographer
  • Obstetrician
  • Paediatrician
  • Gynaecologist
32
Q

What is the Doctor (GP)

A
  • GP stands for general practitioner
  • the family doctor (GP) is usually the first person the woman goes to, to confirm the pregnancy

-Some GP’s run their own antenatal clinic. Usually care is shared between the hospital, midwife and the GP

  • The pregnant woman must register the baby with her GP for immunisation etc
  • GP conducts the post-natal examination 6 weeks after birth (check on mum)
33
Q

What is a midwife

A

Midwives are specially trained to take care of women before, during and after pregnancy.

There are 2 types hospital and community

34
Q

What does a hospital midwife do

A
  • works on the labour ward and helps pregnant women in labour and during birth
  • will deliver baby if pregnancy and delivery is normal
  • They also work in antenatal and post natal wards
35
Q

What does a community midwife do

A
  • Works as a part of a team of other community midwives
  • They provide antenatal care in normal pregnancies and carry out post natal visits in the woman’s home
  • They also attend home births
  • Run antenatal clinics in GP
  • Gives diet advice, scans, weight
  • weighs baby, newborn blood spot test
36
Q

What is a sonographer

A
  • A sonographer is trained to carry out ultrasound scans.
  • They specialise in the use of ultrasonic imaging devices to produce diagnostic images, scans, videos etc
  • A sonographer will perform the anomaly scan which is carried out at around 18-23 weeks and will look in detail at the heart, brain, kidneys, arms, legs etc
  • This scan also can check the position, size and function of the placenta
37
Q

What is an obstetrician

A
  • An obstetrician is a specialist doctor, based in a hospital, who cares for women with complications during pregnancy, labour and birth.
  • An obstetricians role is to assist delivery, where there are complications and performing C-section
  • Only pregnant women with a problem will see an obstetrician
  • The mum’s GP or midwife will refer her to an obstetrician if they have a particular concern like:
  • If there is a pre-existing acute or chronic medical condition in the mother that complicates the pregnancy or birth
  • If there is a complication with the mother or baby identified during pregnancy that complicates the pregnancy and/or birth
  • If a baby becomes distressed during labour
38
Q

What is a Paediatrician

A
  • A paediatrician is a doctor specialising in the care of babies and children
  • The paediatrician will check on the baby after it is born to make sure the baby is healthy.
  • Within 24 hours of the birth a routine examination of the baby will take place, with the mother present
  • The paediatrician will also be present during birth if there have been any complications during pregnancy or there is a difficult labour
  • Paediatricians care for the health of children throughout childhood
39
Q

What is a gynaecologist

A
  • A gynaecologist is a doctor who has specialist knowledge about the functions and diseases of the female reproductive system
  • They treat problems of the female reproductive system and helps couples with fertility problems
  • They will care for mothers with complicated medical problems
  • They will provide emergency care for problems in early pregnancy e.g. bleeding
  • They will carry out terminations of pregnancy

Child Development (9 decks)

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