Pregnancy Flashcards
The diaphragm is pushed up by…
4cm
Tidal volume increases by ….
30-50%
Respiratory rate increased to…
15-17
Minute ventilation increases by….
20-50%
Cardiac output increases from
5L/min to 7L/min
Stroke volume increases from….
65ml to 80-90ml
Heart rate increases from…
75 to 85-90bpm
Systemic vascular resistance…
Decreases (down by as much as 40%)
Mediates effects of vasoconstrictors (angiotensin and vasopressin)
When is blood pressure the lowest
2nd trimester
Oxygen consumption….
Increases by 20%
What percentage experience back pain
60%
The centre of mass moves…
Anteriorly
Breasts enlarge by….
40%
Physical changes (body mass, metabolic rate, pelvis)
Increased body mass and metabolic rate
Pelvic tilt and muscle activation
What happens to vasopressin
Vasopressin release increases = water retention
Iodine
Deficiency (redirected to foetus)
Cortisol secretion….
Increases
Relaxin….
Increases (causes joint laxity)
Percentage of people who experience nausea and vomiting?
50-90%
Intragastric pressure….
Increases due to upward displacement
What metabolic fuel is favoured?
Lipolysis - preserving glucose & amino acids for use by foetus
Protein catabolism…..
Decreases
When is peak calcium demand?
3rd trimester
Exercise during pregnancy: concerns for foetus
Decreased uterine blood flow
Foetal hyperthermia
Utero-placental 02 deficiency
Hypoglycemia (compromise maternal/foetal glucose)
Mechanical stress and trauma
Increased stress hormone in circulation
Exercise during pregnancy: concerns for mother
Increased relaxin
Hypoglycemia
Osteitis pubis
Weakened pelvic floor muscles
Increased stress hormones in circulation
Linea alba ciruclation
Exercise during pregnancy: concerns for mother
Increased relaxin
Hypoglycemia
Osteitis pubis
Weakened pelvic floor muscles
Increased stress hormones in circulation
Linea alba separation
Strong recommendation for women to exercise if they were….
Previously inactive
Gestational diabetes - Exercise?
Weak recommendation
How much exercise should pregnant people do? Duration & frequency
150 minutes (minimum 3 days - being active everyday is encouraged)
Type of exercise
Aerobic and resistance
Why is pelvic floor training recommended
Can reduce the odds of urinary incontinence
True or false - pregnant women who experience light headedness, nausea or feel unwell when they exercise on their back should avoid the supine position
TRUE
True or false - water based exercise and pregnancy specific classes are safe for pregnant women
TRUE
First trimester intensity of exercise
60-80% (12-14 Borg scale)
Aerobic training for sedentary women
55-60% V02max, 3-5x/wk, 20 mins, weight bearing
Active women
55-60% V02max, 5x/wk, 60 minutes
Third trimester exercise
Non-weight bearing
Low-moderate intensity or low volume weight bearing
Absolute contraindication
Ruptured membrane
Premature labour
Unexplained persistent vaginal bleeding
Placenta praevia after 28 weeks gestation
Pre-eclampsia
incompetent cervix
Intra uterine growth restriction
High order multiple pregnancy (eg triplets)
Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes
Uncontrolled hypertension
Uncontrolled thyroid disease
Relative contraindication
Recurrent pregnancy loss
Gestational diabetes
A history of spontaneous pre-term birth
Mild/moderate cardiovascular/respiratory disease
Symptomatic anaemia
Malnutrition
Eating disorder
Twin pregnancy after the 28th week
At what week should is it considered a relative contraindication to exercise during a twin pregnancy
28 weeks
Activities to avoid
Valsalva manoeuvre
Motionless standing after the first trimester
Sports that carry a higher risk of falling/abdominal injury
Lying on back for long periods
Hot yoga
Post-birth
Possible trauma during delivery
Pelvic floor muscles affected
Ligaments remain soft/compliant
Reduced fitness
Breast feeding
Possible bleeding for 4-6 weeks
Sleep deprivation
Post birth 0-3 weeks
Walking, abdominal brace and pelvic floor
Post birth 3-8 weeks
Can add low impact aerobic and resistance exercise
Post birth 8-12 weeks
Gradually increase exercise intensity and duration
Post birth 12-16 weeks
Consider checking with physio to ensure pelvic floor and abdominals are strong enough to recommence high load weight bearing activity eg running/jumping
