Osteoporosis Flashcards
What is osteoporosis?
The excessive loss of bone mass as a result of micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue.
True or false - fractures can occur as a result of minimal trauma in individuals with osteoporosis
TRUE
What percentage of men and women does osteoporosis affect?
25% of women and 8% of men
How often is a bone broken in Australia? What percentage of these fractures occurs in men?
Every 3.4 minutes. 30% in men.
What percentage of Australians have poor bone health?
2/3rds
Cost of osteoporosis on Australia’s healthcare system?
$3.5 billion
Who is at risk?
Women (esp menopausal - estrogen depleted)
Older age
Smokers
Alcoholics
Low calcium intake
Corticosteroid users
Sedentary individual
Relative energy deficiency in sport
Low BMD
Amenorrhea
Disordered eating
Symptoms of osteoporosis
Back pain
Pain on weight bearing
Loss of height
Fracture of the wrist and hip bones
Bowing of the spine
Common site for fractures in osteoporosis
Hip and wrist
What are the two main types of bone
Cortical & Trabecular
Where is cortical bone found
Shaft of long bones
Where is trabecular bone found
Does it have the greatest rate of turnover and fragility?
Flat bones
Cuboid bones
End of long bones
Yes.
How does the decrease in estrogen (during menopause) affect BMD decline?
1% per year decline increases to 5% + per year
What age is peak BMD
30
40-50 what is the decline of BMD
0.5-1% per year
55-60 what is the decline of BMD
1-2% year
Determinants of falls risk
POWER
Strength
Balance
Vision
Postural hypotension
Environment
Footwear
Note: postural hypotension is the drop in BP when an individual stands after lying down.
Mortality rate after hip fracture
12-20% after 1 year
What percentage of people never regain independence after a hip fracture
50%
What percentage of bone deposition is laid during puberty?
90%
Medications
Estrogen (supresses osteoclasts)
Bisphosphonates
How much calcium should an individual be consuming per day?
1200mg + Vit D
Max Ca/Serving
500mg
True or False - Soy products should be consumed to help prevent osteoporosis
TRUE
Fall prevention strategies
Balance training - recently pertubation training has been shown to be more effective
Prevention of osteoporosis
Foods high in calcium
Vit D intake (sunlight)
Weight bearing exercise
Consider hormone replacement therapy (estrogen at menopause to supress bone loss)
What are the categories of scores on DEXA scans
Normal BMD > -1
Osteopenia -1 to -2.5
Osteoporosis < -2.5
True or false - osteoporosis patients shouldn’t do max fitness testing
TRUE (should be submax)
What type of training should be completed for healthy osteopenia patients
High intensity
What type of training is the focus for frail osteoporosis patients
Functional performance and balance focus
What joint is important for power in osteoporotic patients
Hip Power
Exercise prescription for cardio
3-5/week, 40-85% of HRR >150 mins/week
Exercise prescription for strength
2/week, 8RM-12RM progress to 3 sets then increase intensity
Exercise prescription for balance
Twice minimum (ROM 5-7 balance)
What axis should the load be distributed over when strength training
The long axis of the bone
