Pregnancy Flashcards
How many follicles does an ovary contain?
200,000
How many follicles begin the maturation process each month?
20
How many follicles release an ovum?
Only a single follicle
What can happen if the vagina doesn’t stretch enough during childbirth
Tissues in and around the perineum can tear (muscle/skin)
Significant pain and bleeding may occur
What is fetal circulation?
Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
Umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta
Bypasses the lungs at birth
How much does the uterus weigh prior to pregnancy?
0.07oz (2g)
Fluid capacity of 10ml
How much does the uterus weigh at the end of pregnancy
2.2lbs (1kg)
Can hold up to 5,000mls of fluid
Physiologic maternal changes during pregnancy
-pressure on the intestine and rectum
-smooth muscle in the GI tract relaxes
-kidneys increase in size and volume
Ureters increase in diameter
Hormones cause changes to the skin, hair and eyes
Circulatory changes during pregnancy
Blood volume increases up to 40-50% to meet fetal metabolic needs, adequately perfume maternal organs, help compensate for blood loss in delivery.
-number of RBCs increase
-clotting factor increase
-size of the heart increases
-cardiac output increases to about 40% more
-HR increases by 15-20 bpm
What can an ECG of a pregnant lady look like
Ectopic beats
Supraventricular tachycardia
Slight left axis deviation
Lead II changes
Why do pregnant woman need to lay on their left side
Lying supine can compress the inferior vena cava, if pressure is not relieved CO is decreased
What position is standard for birthing
Lithotomy
Respiratory changes during pregnancy
The diaphragm is pushed up by the uterus
Maternal oxygen demand increases
Progesterone:
Decreases threshold to CO2
Causes the bronchi to dilate
Regulates mucus production
What respiratory functions do we see a decrease in
Expiratory reserve volume
Functional residual capacity
Residual volume
What respiratory conditions do we see an increase in
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
