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PA 2 > prefinal > Flashcards

prefinal Flashcards

1
Q

The power of chromatography comes from its ability to _____ and determine their respective identity (chemical structure) and concentration.

A

separate a mixture of compounds or analyte

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2
Q

The power of chromatography comes from its ability to separate a mixture of compounds or analyte and determine their respective ___ and ___

A

identity (chemical structure) and concentration.

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3
Q

It is the technique for the separation, purification, and testing of compounds.

A

Chromatography

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4
Q

The term “chromatography” is derived from Greek words ____ and ____

A

Chroma (Colour) and Graphein (to write)

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5
Q

It is a separation method where the analyte is combined within a liquid or gaseous mobile phase.

A

Chromatography

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6
Q

Chromatography is the technique for the ___,___, and ___ of compounds.

A

separation, purification, and testing

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7
Q

It is the separation of colored compounds on a suitable adsorbent.

A

Chromatography

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8
Q

It may be defined as a process in which a solution of a mixture containing inert material, drug principles, and impurities is separated into its components while moving through a bed of fixed

A

Chromatography

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9
Q

Principal Objectives of Chromatography

A
  1. Resolution of mixture into a constituent parts
  2. Determination of homogeneity.
  3. Comparison of substance suspected of being identical
  4. Purification
  5. Concentration of substance from dilute solutions.
  6. Identification and control of technical products.
  7. Quantitative separation from the complex mixtures.
  8. Identification of molecular structure.
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10
Q

Types of Chromatography

A

Adsorption Chromatography
Thin Layer Chromatography
Column Chromatography
Partition Chromatography

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11
Q

Different compounds are adsorbed on the adsorbent to different degrees based on the absorptivity of the component.

A

Adsorption Chromatography

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12
Q

A mobile phase is made to move over a stationary phase, thus carrying the components with higher absorptivity to a lower distance than that with lower absorptivity.

A

Adsorption Chromatography

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13
Q

The mixture of substances is separated into its components with the help of a glass plate coated with a very thin layer of adsorbent, such as silica gel and alumina.

A

Thin Layer Chromatography

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14
Q

The technique used to separate the components of a mixture using a column of suitable adsorbent packed in a glass tube.

A

Column Chromatography

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15
Q

It is the material placed in the column to adsorb the drug.

A

Adsorbent

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16
Q

Examples of Adsorbents

A

purified siliceous earth
activated alumina
silica gel
calcium carbonate.

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17
Q

A continuous differential partitioning of components of a mixture into a stationary phase and mobile phase takes place.

A

Partition Chromatography

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18
Q

The example of partition chromatography can be seen in:

A

Paper Chromatography

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19
Q

In this process, chromatography paper is used as a stationary phase which is suspended in a mixture of solvents that act as a mobile phase.

A

Partition Chromatography

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20
Q

In Partition Chromatography, chromatography paper is used as a __

A

Stationary Phase

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21
Q

In Partition Chromatography the mixture of solvents act as a ___

A

Mobile Phase

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22
Q

It is a solvent used in the separation of substances

A

Eluant

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23
Q

It is a solution obtained by elution

A

Eluate

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24
Q

It is the method of separation of any organic component present in an aqueous solution.

A

Differential Extraction

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25
Q

In this process, we use an organic solvent for which the solubility of the desired compound is more than compared to that in water.

A

Differential Extraction

26
Q

In Differential Extraction, ___ is used for which the solubility of the desired compound is more than compared to that in water.

A

Organic Solvent

27
Q

In Differential Extraction, the organic solvent is chosen such that it is ____ so that it can form layers and can be separated easily using a separating funnel.

A

immiscible with the aqueous solution

28
Q

Chromatography is mainly used for the separation, isolation and purification of proteins from complex sample matrices.

A

Bio Analytical Chemistry

29
Q

Proteins occur alongside numerous other compounds such as ___

A

Lipids and Nucleic Acids

30
Q

Branch of electrochemistry which deals with the study and measurement of electrode potentials.

A

Potentiometry

31
Q

It is based on the transfer of electron between the titrant and the analyte, these type of titration are usually followed by potentiometry, although dyes which change colour when oxidised by excess titrant may be used.

A

Redox Titration

32
Q

It is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

A

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction / Redox Reaction

33
Q

It is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.

A

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

34
Q

Redox reactions are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including:

A

Photosynthesis
Respiration
Combustion
Corrosion or Rusting.

35
Q

It is necessary to obtain an insight into electrode potentials.

A

Underlying Oxidation and Reduction Method of Analysis

36
Q

The two species that exchange electrons in a redox reaction are:

A

Oxidizing Agent
Reducing Agent

37
Q

The ion or molecule that accepts electrons.

By accepting electrons, it oxidizes other species.

A

Oxidizing Agent

38
Q

The ion or molecule that donates electrons.

By giving electrons, it reduces the other species.

A

Reducing Agent

39
Q

What is oxidized is the reducing agent and what is reduced is the oxidizing agent. (Note: the oxidizing and reducing agents can be the same element or compound, as in disproportionation reactions discussed below).

A
40
Q

A good example of a redox reaction

A

Thermite Reaction

41
Q

Iron atoms in ferric oxide lose (or give up) OO atoms to AlAl atoms, producing Al2O3Al2O3.

A

Thermite Reaction

42
Q

It is a measure of how thermodynamically favourable it is for acompound to gain electrons.

A

Reduction Potential

43
Q

It indicates that a compound is readily reduced and, consequently, is a strong oxidising agent

A

High Positive Value for a Reduction Potential

44
Q

A substance with a higher reduction potential will oxidise one with a lower reduction potential.

A
45
Q

It is the difference in potential between two substances and is approximately the potential difference which would be measured if the substances comprised two halves of an electrical cell.

A

REACTION POTENTIAL

46
Q

It refers to the process of developing paper by allowing the solvent to travel up the paper.

A

Ascending Chroma

47
Q

Organic and inorganic substances have been separated using both ascending and descending techniques.

A
48
Q

It is used when developing paper is allowing the solvent to travel down the paper.

A

Descending Chroma

49
Q

It is a combination of the two types of paper chromatography. The upper part of the ascending chromatography can be folded over a glass rod in this technique, allowing the ascending development to change into the descending after crossing the glass rod.

A

Ascending-Descending Chroma

50
Q

A square or rectangular piece of paper is used in this. One of the corners receives the sample. The second development is carried out at a right angle to the first run. This type of chromatography can be performed with two solvent systems or with identical solvent systems in both directions.

A

Two-Dimensional Chroma

51
Q

Radial development is used in this. This technique makes use of circular filter paper. The materials to be analyzed are then arranged in the centre. Following the drying of the spot, the paper is placed horizontally on the petri-dish containing the solvent, so that the tongue or wick is exposed. When the solvent front travels a sufficiently long distance, the components separate into concentric circular zones.

A

Radial Chroma

52
Q

Other term for Radial Chromatography

A

Circular Chromatography

53
Q

In Thin Layer Chromatography, the mixture of substances is separated into its components with the help of a glass plate coated with a very thin layer of adsorbent, such as

A

Silica Gel and Alumina

54
Q

a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their different properties.

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

55
Q

is widely used in various fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental science.

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

56
Q

how much a substance is likely to be in either the mobile or stationary phase

A

Affinity

57
Q

It is the flow of liquids in a confined space against the force of gravity.

A

Capillary Action

58
Q

Polar substances have a high affinity for Polar solvents

A
59
Q

The more polar substance had a lower retention factor than the less polar substance, because the stationary phase is more polar.

A
60
Q

Low affinity for stationary phase =
travels through column quickly

High affinity for stationary phase = travels through column slowly

A

PA 2 (9 decks)

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