prefinal

Question 1

The power of chromatography comes from its ability to _____ and determine their respective identity (chemical structure) and concentration.

Answer 1

separate a mixture of compounds or analyte

Question 2

The power of chromatography comes from its ability to separate a mixture of compounds or analyte and determine their respective ___ and ___

Answer 2

identity (chemical structure) and concentration.

Question 3

It is the technique for the separation, purification, and testing of compounds.

Answer 3

Chromatography

Question 4

The term “chromatography” is derived from Greek words ____ and ____

Answer 4

Chroma (Colour) and Graphein (to write)

Question 5

It is a separation method where the analyte is combined within a liquid or gaseous mobile phase.

Answer 5

Chromatography

Question 6

Chromatography is the technique for the ___,___, and ___ of compounds.

Answer 6

separation, purification, and testing

Question 7

It is the separation of colored compounds on a suitable adsorbent.

Answer 7

Chromatography

Question 8

It may be defined as a process in which a solution of a mixture containing inert material, drug principles, and impurities is separated into its components while moving through a bed of fixed

Answer 8

Chromatography

Question 9

Principal Objectives of Chromatography

Answer 9

1. Resolution of mixture into a constituent parts
2. Determination of homogeneity.
3. Comparison of substance suspected of being identical
4. Purification
5. Concentration of substance from dilute solutions.
6. Identification and control of technical products.
7. Quantitative separation from the complex mixtures.
8. Identification of molecular structure.

Question 10

Types of Chromatography

Answer 10

Adsorption Chromatography
Thin Layer Chromatography
Column Chromatography
Partition Chromatography

Question 11

Different compounds are adsorbed on the adsorbent to different degrees based on the absorptivity of the component.

Answer 11

Adsorption Chromatography

Question 12

A mobile phase is made to move over a stationary phase, thus carrying the components with higher absorptivity to a lower distance than that with lower absorptivity.

Answer 12

Adsorption Chromatography

Question 13

The mixture of substances is separated into its components with the help of a glass plate coated with a very thin layer of adsorbent, such as silica gel and alumina.

Answer 13

Thin Layer Chromatography

Question 14

The technique used to separate the components of a mixture using a column of suitable adsorbent packed in a glass tube.

Answer 14

Column Chromatography

Question 15

It is the material placed in the column to adsorb the drug.

Answer 15

Adsorbent

Question 16

Examples of Adsorbents

Answer 16

purified siliceous earth
activated alumina
silica gel
calcium carbonate.

Question 17

A continuous differential partitioning of components of a mixture into a stationary phase and mobile phase takes place.

Answer 17

Partition Chromatography

Question 18

The example of partition chromatography can be seen in:

Answer 18

Paper Chromatography

Question 19

In this process, chromatography paper is used as a stationary phase which is suspended in a mixture of solvents that act as a mobile phase.

Answer 19

Partition Chromatography

Question 20

In Partition Chromatography, chromatography paper is used as a __

Answer 20

Stationary Phase

Question 21

In Partition Chromatography the mixture of solvents act as a ___

Answer 21

Mobile Phase

Question 22

It is a solvent used in the separation of substances

Answer 22

Eluant

Question 23

It is a solution obtained by elution

Answer 23

Eluate

Question 24

It is the method of separation of any organic component present in an aqueous solution.

Answer 24

Differential Extraction

Question 25

In this process, we use an organic solvent for which the solubility of the desired compound is more than compared to that in water.

Answer 25

Differential Extraction

Question 26

In Differential Extraction, ___ is used for which the solubility of the desired compound is more than compared to that in water.

Answer 26

Organic Solvent

Question 27

In Differential Extraction, the organic solvent is chosen such that it is ____ so that it can form layers and can be separated easily using a separating funnel.

Answer 27

immiscible with the aqueous solution

Question 28

Chromatography is mainly used for the separation, isolation and purification of proteins from complex sample matrices.

Answer 28

Bio Analytical Chemistry

Question 29

Proteins occur alongside numerous other compounds such as ___

Answer 29

Lipids and Nucleic Acids

Question 30

Branch of electrochemistry which deals with the study and measurement of electrode potentials.

Answer 30

Potentiometry

Question 31

It is based on the transfer of electron between the titrant and the analyte, these type of titration are usually followed by potentiometry, although dyes which change colour when oxidised by excess titrant may be used.

Answer 31

Redox Titration

Question 32

It is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

Answer 32

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction / Redox Reaction

Question 33

It is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.

Answer 33

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

Question 34

Redox reactions are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including:

Answer 34

Photosynthesis Respiration Combustion Corrosion or Rusting.

Question 35

It is necessary to obtain an insight into electrode potentials.

Answer 35

Underlying Oxidation and Reduction Method of Analysis

Question 36

The two species that exchange electrons in a redox reaction are:

Answer 36

Oxidizing Agent Reducing Agent

Question 37

The ion or molecule that accepts electrons. By accepting electrons, it oxidizes other species.

Answer 37

Oxidizing Agent

Question 38

The ion or molecule that donates electrons. By giving electrons, it reduces the other species.

Answer 38

Reducing Agent

Question 39

What is oxidized is the reducing agent and what is reduced is the oxidizing agent. (Note: the oxidizing and reducing agents can be the same element or compound, as in disproportionation reactions discussed below).

Question 40

A good example of a redox reaction

Answer 40

Thermite Reaction

Question 41

Iron atoms in ferric oxide lose (or give up) OO atoms to AlAl atoms, producing Al2O3Al2O3.

Answer 41

Thermite Reaction

Question 42

It is a measure of how thermodynamically favourable it is for acompound to gain electrons.

Answer 42

Reduction Potential

Question 43

It indicates that a compound is readily reduced and, consequently, is a strong oxidising agent

Answer 43

High Positive Value for a Reduction Potential

Question 44

A substance with a higher reduction potential will oxidise one with a lower reduction potential.

Question 45

It is the difference in potential between two substances and is approximately the potential difference which would be measured if the substances comprised two halves of an electrical cell.

Answer 45

REACTION POTENTIAL

Question 46

It refers to the process of developing paper by allowing the solvent to travel up the paper.

Answer 46

Ascending Chroma

Question 47

Organic and inorganic substances have been separated using both ascending and descending techniques.

Question 48

It is used when developing paper is allowing the solvent to travel down the paper.

Answer 48

Descending Chroma

Question 49

It is a combination of the two types of paper chromatography. The upper part of the ascending chromatography can be folded over a glass rod in this technique, allowing the ascending development to change into the descending after crossing the glass rod.

Answer 49

Ascending-Descending Chroma

Question 50

A square or rectangular piece of paper is used in this. One of the corners receives the sample. The second development is carried out at a right angle to the first run. This type of chromatography can be performed with two solvent systems or with identical solvent systems in both directions.

Answer 50

Two-Dimensional Chroma

Question 51

Radial development is used in this. This technique makes use of circular filter paper. The materials to be analyzed are then arranged in the centre. Following the drying of the spot, the paper is placed horizontally on the petri-dish containing the solvent, so that the tongue or wick is exposed. When the solvent front travels a sufficiently long distance, the components separate into concentric circular zones.

Answer 51

Radial Chroma

Question 52

Other term for Radial Chromatography

Answer 52

Circular Chromatography

Question 53

In Thin Layer Chromatography, the mixture of substances is separated into its components with the help of a glass plate coated with a very thin layer of adsorbent, such as

Answer 53

Silica Gel and Alumina

Question 54

a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their different properties.

Answer 54

CHROMATOGRAPHY

Question 55

is widely used in various fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental science.

Answer 55

CHROMATOGRAPHY

Question 56

how much a substance is likely to be in either the mobile or stationary phase

Answer 56

Affinity

Question 57

It is the flow of liquids in a confined space against the force of gravity.

Answer 57

Capillary Action

Question 58

Polar substances have a high affinity for Polar solvents

Question 59

The more polar substance had a lower retention factor than the less polar substance, because the stationary phase is more polar.

Question 60

Low affinity for stationary phase = travels through column quickly High affinity for stationary phase = travels through column slowly