prefinal Flashcards
1
Q
It is the part of the nervous system that supplies the internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands.
A
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
2
Q
It is the part of the nervous system that supplies the internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands.
A
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
3
Q
The two main divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
A
SYMPATHETIC
PARASYMPATHETIC
4
Q
Location of the Sympathetic NS
A
THORACOLUMBAR REGION
5
Q
Location of the Parasympathetic NS
A
CRANIOSACRAL REGION
6
Q
Distance of Presynaptic nerve or Preganglionic nerve in the Sympathetic NS
A
SHORTER
7
Q
Distance of Presynaptic nerve or Preganglionic nerve in the Parasympathetic NS.
A
LONGER
8
Q
Preganglionic nerve neurotransmitter in Sympathetic NS
A
ACETYLCHOLINE
9
Q
Preganglionic nerve neurotransmitter in Parasympathetic NS
A
ACETYLCHOLINE
10
Q
Postganglionic or Nerve ending neurotransmitter in Sympathetic NS
A
NOREPINEPHRINE
11
Q
Postganglionic or Nerve ending neurotransmitter in Parasympathetic NS
A
ACETYLCHOLINE
12
Q
It is active during stress or fight and flight reaction
A
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
13
Q
It is active during rest and digestion
A
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
14
Q
Enzyme present at the nerve ending of Sympathetic NS
A
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
15
Q
Enzyme present at the nerve ending of Parasympathetic NS
A
Acetylcholinesterase
16
Q
Name of Sympathetic NS receptors
A
ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS / ADRENOCEPTORS
17
Q
Name of Parasympathetic NS receptors
A
CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR / CHOLINOCEPTOR
18
Q
It is considered to be the parent compound for the alpha drugs.
A
NOREPINEPHRINE
19
Q
It is the most clinical effect produced by the alpha-adrenergic drugs.
A
VASOCONSTRICTION
20
Q
It functions as neurotransmitter in the brain and is also formed as a precursor in the synthesis of NE.
A
DOPAMINE
21
Q
The most important actions of the Beta drugs:
A
STIMULATION OF THE HEART (BETA 1)
BRONCHODILATION OF THE LUNGS (BETA 2)
22
Q
It is probably the most potent beta adrenergic drug that produces both effects in heart and respiratory.
A
ISOPROTERENOL
23
Q
Alpha blockers used for hypertension treatment
A
PRAZOSIN
TERAZOSIN
24
Q
Alpha blockers used for peripheral vascular disease
A
PHENOXYBENZAMINE
25
Alpha blockers used in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
PHENTOLAMINE
26
Alpha Adrenergic Blocking Drugs / Alpha Blockers:
PHENOXYBENZAMINE
PHENTOLAMINE
PRAZOSIN
TERAZOSIN
27
Alpha Adrenergic Drugs:
EPHEDRINE
EPINEPHRINE
METARAMINOL
METHOXAMINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
PHENYLEPHRINE
MEPHENTERMINE
28
Alpha Adrenergic Drugs used to increase blood pressure
EPHEDRINE
EPINEPHRINE
METARAMINOL
METHOXAMINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
PHENYLEPHRINE
MEPHENTERMINE
29
Alpha Adrenergic Drugs used as Nasal Decongestant
PHENYLEPHRINE
MEPHENTERMINE
30
Beta Adrenergic Drugs:
EPINEPHRINE
ISOPROTERENOL
ISOETHARINE
METOPROTERENOL
TERBUTALINE
ALBUTEROL
FENOTEROL
RITODRINE
31
Beta Adrenergic drugs used as vasopressor, cardiac stimulant, and bronchodilator
Epinephrine
32
Beta Adrenergic drugs used as cardiac stimulant, and bronchodilator
ISOPROTERENOL
33
Beta Adrenergic drugs used as bronchodilator
ISOETHARINE
MESOPROTERENOL
TERBUTALINE
ALUBTEROL
FENOTEROL
34
Beta Adrenergic drugs used to arrest preterm labor
RITODRINE
35
Classification of Epinephrine
ALPHA
BETA 1
BETA 2
36
Classification of Isoproterenol
BETA 1
BETA 2
37
Non-selective Beta Blockers
NADOLOL
PINDOLOL
PROPRANOLOL
TIMOLOL
38
Selective Beta Blockers
ACEBUTOLOL
ATENOLOL
ESMOLOL
METOPROLOL
39
It was the first beta–blocker used clinically.
PROPRANOLOL
40
Drugs that increase Norepinephrine
SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS
41
Drugs that decrease Norepinephrine
SYMPATHOLYTIC/SYMPATHOPHLEGIC DRUGS
42
Direct Acting Parasympathomimetic Drugs
ACETYLCHOLINE
BETANECHOL
CARBACHOL
METACHOLINE
PILOCARPINE
43
Indirect Acting Parasympathomimetic Drugs
EDROPHONIUM
ISOFLUORPHATE
NEOSTIGMINE
PHYSOSTIGMINE
PYRIDOSTIGMINE
44
Belladonna Alkaloids
ATROPINE
HYOSCYAMINE
SCOPOLAMINE
45
Anticholinergic drugs used to increase heart rate; preop medication, mydriatic, cycloplegic, and bronchodilation
BELLADONNA ALKALOIDS
- ATROPINE
- HYOSCYAMINE
- SCOPOLAMINE
46
Semisynthetic drug used as mydriatic
HOMATROPINE
47
Synthetic Anticholinergic Drugs
DICYCLOMINE
GLYCOPYROLLATE
ISOPROPAMIDE
METHANTHELINE
PROPANTHELINE
48
Synthetic drugs used in the treatment of GI disorders such as ulcers, colitis
DICYCLOMINE
ISOPROPAMIDE
METHANTHELINE
PROPANTHELINE
49
Synthetic drug used in the treatment of ulcer
GLYCOPYROLLATE
50
3 Activities inside the Post Ganglion
SYNTHESIS
STORAGE
RELEASE
51
Major divisions of Adrenergic Receptors
ALPHA (Alpha1 and Alpha2)
BETA
52
It is not responsive during emergency situations
ALPHA 2
53
What is the Beta1 Adrenergic Receptor?
HEART
54
What is the major Beta2 Adrenergic Receptor affected by Norepinephrine?
LUNGS
55
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension
NADOLOL
PINDOLOL
PROPRANOLOL
TIMOLOL
56
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension
NADOLOL
PINDOLOL
PROPRANOLOL
TIMOLOL
57
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris
NADOLOL
58
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and migraine
PROPRANOLOL
59
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and post myocardial infarction to reduce mortality
TIMOLOL
60
Selective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension
ACEBUTOLOL
ATENOLOL
METOPROLOL
61
Selective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and ventricular arrhythmias
ACEBUTOLOL
62
Selective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris
ATENOLOL
METOPROLOL
63
Selective drugs used in the treatment of superventricular tachycardia
ESMOLOL
64
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs used as Miotic in Cataract surgery
ACETYLCHOLINE
65
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs used as Miotic, postoperative retention
BETANECHOL
66
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs used in the treatment of Glaucoma
CARBACHOL
PILOCARPINE
67
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs used as Miotic
METACHOLINE
68
Indirect acting drugs used in the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis, antidote for curare-type drugs.
EDROPHONIUM
69
Indirect Acting drug used in the treatment of glaucoma, post-operative retention
ISOFLUORPHATE
70
Indirect Acting drugs used in the treatment of Mysthenia gravis, antidote for curare-type drugs.
NEOSTIGMINE
PYRIDOSTIGMINE
71
Indirect acting drug used as antidote to anticholinergic drugs.
PHYSOSTIGMINE
72
Cholinergic Effects (DUMBBELSS)
D - Diarrhea
U - Urination
M - Miosis
B - Bradycardia
B - Bronchoconstriction
E - Emesis, Excitation of skeletal muscles
L - Lacrimation
S - salivation
S - Sweating
73
GIT Adrenergic Effect
Constipation (dec. motility)
74
GIT Cholinergic Effect
Diarrhea (inc. motility)
75
Bladder Adrenergic Effect
Urinary retention
76
Bladder Cholinergic Effect
Urination
77
Eyes (Pupil) Adrenergic Effect
DILATES (Mydriasis)
78
Eyes (Pupil) Cholinergic effect
CONSTRICT (MIOSIS)
79
Heart Adrenergic effect
Tachycardia
80
Heart Cholinergic Effect
Bradycardia
81
Lungs Adrenergic Effect
Bronchodilation
82
Lungs Cholinergic Effect
Bronchoconstriction
83
Male Genitals Adrenergic Effect
EJACULATION
84
Male Genitals Cholinergic Effect
ERECTION
85
Uterus Adrenergic Effect
RELAXATION
86
Uterus Cholinergic Effect
CONTRACTION
87
Salivary Glands Adrenergic effect
THICK, VISCID SECRETIONS
88
Salivary Glands Cholinergic Effect
WATERY SALIVA
89
Lacrimal Gland Cholinergic Effect
TEARING
90
These are stimulants compound which mimic the effect of endogenous agonist of the sympathetic nervous system.
SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS
91
Classification of Sympathomimetic Agents
DIRECT ACTING
INDIRECT ACTING
MIXED ACTING
92
It is similar to adrenaline. It works by constricting (narrowing) theblood vessels and increasing blood pressure and blood glucose (sugar) levels.
NOREPINEPHRINE
93
This medication is used in emergencies to treat very serious allergic reactions to insect stings/bites, foods, drugs, or other substances.
It acts quickly to improve breathing, stimulate the heart, raise a dropping blood pressure, reverse hives, and reduce swelling of the face, lips, and throat.
EPINEPHRINE
94
This drug relaxes the smooth muscle in the lungs and opens airways to improve breathing. It is used to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and to prevent exercise-related asthma.
SALBUTAMOL
95
It works by improving the pumping strength of the heart and improves blood flow to the kidneys.
It is used to treat certain conditions that occur when you are in shock, which may be caused by heart attack, trauma, surgery, heart failure, kidney failure, and other serious medical conditions
DOPAMINE
96
This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems.
It works byrelaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.
METHYLDOPA
97
It works at the nerve terminal to promote the release and/or block the reuptake of endogenous neurotransmitters.
INDIRECT ACTING ANTAGONISTS
98
It is a sympathomimetic and anticholinergic combination eye drop. It works by relaxing the muscles of the eye to cause the pupil to dilate or widen (mydriasis.
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE
99
It is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dilated blood vessels can cause nasal congestion (stuffy nose).
It is used to treat nasal and sinus congestion, or congestion of the tubes that drain fluid from your inner ears
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
100
It is an analogue of methamphetamine that is used medicinally for relief of congestion due to colds, allergies and allergic rhinitis and recreationally for its euphoric effects.
PROPYLHEXEDRIN
101
It is a potent sympathomimetic amine used in the prevention and treatment of hypotension, particularly as a complication of anesthesia.
METARAMINOL
102
It is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a decongestant), low blood pressureproblems (orthostatic hypotension), or myasthenia gravis.
EPHEDRINE
103
It is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives.
SYMPATHOLYTIC / SYMPATHOPHLEGIC DRUGS
104
It is a receptor that is present both in sympathetic and parasympathetic.
NICOTINIC 1 (N1)
105
It is also present in skeletal muscles in somatic division.
NICOTINIC 2 (N2)
106
This term was taken from a dug muscarine, an alkaloid obtained from a particular type of mushroom, one of the first drug used to established the function of autonomic nervous system.
MUSCARINIC
107
Direct Acting Sympathomimetic Agents
NOREPINEPHRINE
EPINEPHRINE
PHENYLEPHRINE
SALBUTAMOL
DOPAMINE
METHYLDOPA
108
Indirect Acting Sympathomimetic Agents
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
PROPYLHEXEDRINE
109
Mixed Acting Sympathomimetic Agents
Ephedrine
Metaraminol
