prefinal Flashcards
It is the part of the nervous system that supplies the internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
It is the part of the nervous system that supplies the internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
The two main divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
SYMPATHETIC
PARASYMPATHETIC
Location of the Sympathetic NS
THORACOLUMBAR REGION
Location of the Parasympathetic NS
CRANIOSACRAL REGION
Distance of Presynaptic nerve or Preganglionic nerve in the Sympathetic NS
SHORTER
Distance of Presynaptic nerve or Preganglionic nerve in the Parasympathetic NS.
LONGER
Preganglionic nerve neurotransmitter in Sympathetic NS
ACETYLCHOLINE
Preganglionic nerve neurotransmitter in Parasympathetic NS
ACETYLCHOLINE
Postganglionic or Nerve ending neurotransmitter in Sympathetic NS
NOREPINEPHRINE
Postganglionic or Nerve ending neurotransmitter in Parasympathetic NS
ACETYLCHOLINE
It is active during stress or fight and flight reaction
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
It is active during rest and digestion
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Enzyme present at the nerve ending of Sympathetic NS
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
Enzyme present at the nerve ending of Parasympathetic NS
Acetylcholinesterase
Name of Sympathetic NS receptors
ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS / ADRENOCEPTORS
Name of Parasympathetic NS receptors
CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR / CHOLINOCEPTOR
It is considered to be the parent compound for the alpha drugs.
NOREPINEPHRINE
It is the most clinical effect produced by the alpha-adrenergic drugs.
VASOCONSTRICTION
It functions as neurotransmitter in the brain and is also formed as a precursor in the synthesis of NE.
DOPAMINE
The most important actions of the Beta drugs:
STIMULATION OF THE HEART (BETA 1)
BRONCHODILATION OF THE LUNGS (BETA 2)
It is probably the most potent beta adrenergic drug that produces both effects in heart and respiratory.
ISOPROTERENOL
Alpha blockers used for hypertension treatment
PRAZOSIN
TERAZOSIN
Alpha blockers used for peripheral vascular disease
PHENOXYBENZAMINE
Alpha blockers used in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
PHENTOLAMINE
Alpha Adrenergic Blocking Drugs / Alpha Blockers:
PHENOXYBENZAMINE
PHENTOLAMINE
PRAZOSIN
TERAZOSIN
Alpha Adrenergic Drugs:
EPHEDRINE
EPINEPHRINE
METARAMINOL
METHOXAMINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
PHENYLEPHRINE
MEPHENTERMINE
Alpha Adrenergic Drugs used to increase blood pressure
EPHEDRINE
EPINEPHRINE
METARAMINOL
METHOXAMINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
PHENYLEPHRINE
MEPHENTERMINE
Alpha Adrenergic Drugs used as Nasal Decongestant
PHENYLEPHRINE
MEPHENTERMINE
Beta Adrenergic Drugs:
EPINEPHRINE
ISOPROTERENOL
ISOETHARINE
METOPROTERENOL
TERBUTALINE
ALBUTEROL
FENOTEROL
RITODRINE
Beta Adrenergic drugs used as vasopressor, cardiac stimulant, and bronchodilator
Epinephrine
Beta Adrenergic drugs used as cardiac stimulant, and bronchodilator
ISOPROTERENOL
Beta Adrenergic drugs used as bronchodilator
ISOETHARINE
MESOPROTERENOL
TERBUTALINE
ALUBTEROL
FENOTEROL
Beta Adrenergic drugs used to arrest preterm labor
RITODRINE
Classification of Epinephrine
ALPHA
BETA 1
BETA 2
Classification of Isoproterenol
BETA 1
BETA 2
Non-selective Beta Blockers
NADOLOL
PINDOLOL
PROPRANOLOL
TIMOLOL
Selective Beta Blockers
ACEBUTOLOL
ATENOLOL
ESMOLOL
METOPROLOL
It was the first beta–blocker used clinically.
PROPRANOLOL
Drugs that increase Norepinephrine
SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS
Drugs that decrease Norepinephrine
SYMPATHOLYTIC/SYMPATHOPHLEGIC DRUGS
Direct Acting Parasympathomimetic Drugs
ACETYLCHOLINE
BETANECHOL
CARBACHOL
METACHOLINE
PILOCARPINE
Indirect Acting Parasympathomimetic Drugs
EDROPHONIUM
ISOFLUORPHATE
NEOSTIGMINE
PHYSOSTIGMINE
PYRIDOSTIGMINE
Belladonna Alkaloids
ATROPINE
HYOSCYAMINE
SCOPOLAMINE
Anticholinergic drugs used to increase heart rate; preop medication, mydriatic, cycloplegic, and bronchodilation
BELLADONNA ALKALOIDS
- ATROPINE
- HYOSCYAMINE
- SCOPOLAMINE
Semisynthetic drug used as mydriatic
HOMATROPINE
Synthetic Anticholinergic Drugs
DICYCLOMINE
GLYCOPYROLLATE
ISOPROPAMIDE
METHANTHELINE
PROPANTHELINE
Synthetic drugs used in the treatment of GI disorders such as ulcers, colitis
DICYCLOMINE
ISOPROPAMIDE
METHANTHELINE
PROPANTHELINE
Synthetic drug used in the treatment of ulcer
GLYCOPYROLLATE
3 Activities inside the Post Ganglion
SYNTHESIS
STORAGE
RELEASE
Major divisions of Adrenergic Receptors
ALPHA (Alpha1 and Alpha2)
BETA
It is not responsive during emergency situations
ALPHA 2
What is the Beta1 Adrenergic Receptor?
HEART
What is the major Beta2 Adrenergic Receptor affected by Norepinephrine?
LUNGS
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension
NADOLOL
PINDOLOL
PROPRANOLOL
TIMOLOL
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension
NADOLOL
PINDOLOL
PROPRANOLOL
TIMOLOL
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris
NADOLOL
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and migraine
PROPRANOLOL
Nonselective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and post myocardial infarction to reduce mortality
TIMOLOL
Selective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension
ACEBUTOLOL
ATENOLOL
METOPROLOL
Selective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and ventricular arrhythmias
ACEBUTOLOL
Selective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris
ATENOLOL
METOPROLOL
Selective drugs used in the treatment of superventricular tachycardia
ESMOLOL
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs used as Miotic in Cataract surgery
ACETYLCHOLINE
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs used as Miotic, postoperative retention
BETANECHOL
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs used in the treatment of Glaucoma
CARBACHOL
PILOCARPINE
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs used as Miotic
METACHOLINE
Indirect acting drugs used in the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis, antidote for curare-type drugs.
EDROPHONIUM
Indirect Acting drug used in the treatment of glaucoma, post-operative retention
ISOFLUORPHATE
Indirect Acting drugs used in the treatment of Mysthenia gravis, antidote for curare-type drugs.
NEOSTIGMINE
PYRIDOSTIGMINE
Indirect acting drug used as antidote to anticholinergic drugs.
PHYSOSTIGMINE
Cholinergic Effects (DUMBBELSS)
D - Diarrhea
U - Urination
M - Miosis
B - Bradycardia
B - Bronchoconstriction
E - Emesis, Excitation of skeletal muscles
L - Lacrimation
S - salivation
S - Sweating
GIT Adrenergic Effect
Constipation (dec. motility)
GIT Cholinergic Effect
Diarrhea (inc. motility)
Bladder Adrenergic Effect
Urinary retention
Bladder Cholinergic Effect
Urination
Eyes (Pupil) Adrenergic Effect
DILATES (Mydriasis)
Eyes (Pupil) Cholinergic effect
CONSTRICT (MIOSIS)
Heart Adrenergic effect
Tachycardia
Heart Cholinergic Effect
Bradycardia
Lungs Adrenergic Effect
Bronchodilation
Lungs Cholinergic Effect
Bronchoconstriction
Male Genitals Adrenergic Effect
EJACULATION
Male Genitals Cholinergic Effect
ERECTION
Uterus Adrenergic Effect
RELAXATION
Uterus Cholinergic Effect
CONTRACTION
Salivary Glands Adrenergic effect
THICK, VISCID SECRETIONS
Salivary Glands Cholinergic Effect
WATERY SALIVA
Lacrimal Gland Cholinergic Effect
TEARING
These are stimulants compound which mimic the effect of endogenous agonist of the sympathetic nervous system.
SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS
Classification of Sympathomimetic Agents
DIRECT ACTING
INDIRECT ACTING
MIXED ACTING
It is similar to adrenaline. It works by constricting (narrowing) theblood vessels and increasing blood pressure and blood glucose (sugar) levels.
NOREPINEPHRINE
This medication is used in emergencies to treat very serious allergic reactions to insect stings/bites, foods, drugs, or other substances.
It acts quickly to improve breathing, stimulate the heart, raise a dropping blood pressure, reverse hives, and reduce swelling of the face, lips, and throat.
EPINEPHRINE
This drug relaxes the smooth muscle in the lungs and opens airways to improve breathing. It is used to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and to prevent exercise-related asthma.
SALBUTAMOL
It works by improving the pumping strength of the heart and improves blood flow to the kidneys.
It is used to treat certain conditions that occur when you are in shock, which may be caused by heart attack, trauma, surgery, heart failure, kidney failure, and other serious medical conditions
DOPAMINE
This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems.
It works byrelaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.
METHYLDOPA
It works at the nerve terminal to promote the release and/or block the reuptake of endogenous neurotransmitters.
INDIRECT ACTING ANTAGONISTS
It is a sympathomimetic and anticholinergic combination eye drop. It works by relaxing the muscles of the eye to cause the pupil to dilate or widen (mydriasis.
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE
It is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dilated blood vessels can cause nasal congestion (stuffy nose).
It is used to treat nasal and sinus congestion, or congestion of the tubes that drain fluid from your inner ears
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
It is an analogue of methamphetamine that is used medicinally for relief of congestion due to colds, allergies and allergic rhinitis and recreationally for its euphoric effects.
PROPYLHEXEDRIN
It is a potent sympathomimetic amine used in the prevention and treatment of hypotension, particularly as a complication of anesthesia.
METARAMINOL
It is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a decongestant), low blood pressureproblems (orthostatic hypotension), or myasthenia gravis.
EPHEDRINE
It is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives.
SYMPATHOLYTIC / SYMPATHOPHLEGIC DRUGS
It is a receptor that is present both in sympathetic and parasympathetic.
NICOTINIC 1 (N1)
It is also present in skeletal muscles in somatic division.
NICOTINIC 2 (N2)
This term was taken from a dug muscarine, an alkaloid obtained from a particular type of mushroom, one of the first drug used to established the function of autonomic nervous system.
MUSCARINIC
Direct Acting Sympathomimetic Agents
NOREPINEPHRINE
EPINEPHRINE
PHENYLEPHRINE
SALBUTAMOL
DOPAMINE
METHYLDOPA
Indirect Acting Sympathomimetic Agents
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
PROPYLHEXEDRINE
Mixed Acting Sympathomimetic Agents
Ephedrine
Metaraminol
