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module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

are the local hormones produced in tissues rather than in glands

A

AUTACOIDS

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2
Q

These are locally acting hormone like substance, which originates from different tissue and produce intense biological activities near their site of synthesis or release.

A

AUTACOIDS

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3
Q

Classification of Autacoids

A

AMINE AUTACOIDS
PEPTIDE AUTACOIDS
EICOSANOIDS

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4
Q

Examples of Biogenic Amines

A

HISTAMINES
SEROTONIN

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5
Q

Substances produced by our body

A

HORMONE

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6
Q

Hormone na pinapadala ni Hypothalamus sa Brain

A

Growth Hormone

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7
Q

It is a biogenic substance with one or more amine groups.

A

A BIOGENIC AMINE

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8
Q

They are basic nitrogenous compounds formed mainly by decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones.

A

BIOGENIC AMINE

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9
Q

Function of Biogenic Amines

A

REGULATE BRAIN FUNCTIONS SUCH AS MOVEMENT, BEHAVIOR, EMOTIONS, TEMPERATURE, BLOOD PRESSURE AND ENDOCRINE SECRETION

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10
Q

Five Established Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters

A
  • 3 CATECHOLAMINES (DOPAMINE, NOREPINEPHRINE/NORADRENALINE, EPINEPHRINE/ADRENALINE)
  • HISTAMINE
  • SEROTONIN
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11
Q

It is the common causes of problems in our body.

A

HISTAMINES

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12
Q

Too much histamine is harmful.

A
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13
Q

They are chemicals produced by the immune system which act like bouncers at a club.

A

HISTAMINES

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14
Q

It is a life threatening allergic reaction. It occurs pag di nalabas ang allergy.

A

ANAPHYLAXIS

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15
Q

4 types of histamine receptors

A

H1,H2,H3,H4

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16
Q

It drives cellular migration, nociception, vasodilation, and bronchoconstriction.
- Mast Cell (Skin, Lungs, Bronchi)
- Effect: Allergic Reaction

A

H1 RECEPTOR

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17
Q

It is difficulty in breathing, bronchoconstriction in bronchi by H1

A

DYSPNEA

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18
Q

It modifies gastric secretion, airway mucus production, and vascular permeability.
- GIT (stomach, small intestines)
- Effects: Helps Digestion, Secretes more acid (Hyperacidity)

A

H2 RECEPTOR

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19
Q

It plays an important role in neuroinflammatory diseases.
- Brain (few)
- Effect: Brain Inflammation

A

H3-RECEPTOR

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20
Q

Blood (WBC), Basophil, Eosinophils
- Tahimik lang, Wag I-provoke

A

H4 RECEPTOR

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21
Q

It is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Its biological function is complex and multifaceted, modulating mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction.

A

SEROTONIN OR
5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE

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22
Q

It plays several roles in your body such as influencing learning, memory, happiness as well as regulating body temperature, sleep, sexual behavior and hunger.

A

SEROTONIN

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23
Q

Lack of Enough Serotonin can play a role in:

A

DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, MANIA AND ETC

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24
Q

In the central nervous system (CNS), serotonin is almost exclusively produced in neurons originating in the raphe nuclei located in the midline of the brainstem. These serotonin- producing neurons form the largest and most complex efferent system in the human brain.

A
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25
It is the part of the brain where serotonin is produced.
BRAINSTEM
26
These are located on post-synaptic enteric and sensory neurons, on enteric neuronal membranes, in the vagus, on gastric endocrine glands and in the CNS.
5-HT3 RECEPTORS
27
In the central nervous system (CNS), serotonin is almost exclusively produced in neurons originating in the______ located in the midline of the brainstem. These serotonin- producing neurons form the largest and most complex efferent system in the human brain.
raphe nuclei
28
Where is most serotonin found?
INTESTINES
29
How much serotonin is found in the cells lining your gastrointestinal tract?
ABOUT 90%
30
10% SEROTONIN IS PRODUCED BY THE BRAIN
31
What produces high serotonin?
Getting more exposure to outdoor sunlight and by doing plenty of exercise.
32
What happens when serotonin receptors are stimulated?
Serotonin receptors influence various biological and neurological processes such as aggression, anxiety, appetite, cognition, learning, memory, mood, nausea, sleep, and thermoregulation.
33
What causes lack of serotonin?
AGE-RELATED HEALTH AND BRAIN CHANGES
34
Symptoms of low serotonin levels
MEMORY PROBLEMS FEELING LOW CRAVING SWEET FOOD HAVING PROBLEM SLEEPING FEELING BAD ABOUT YOURSELF INCREASED LIBIDO
35
H2 BLOCKERS
CIMETIDINE FAMOTIDINE NIZATIDINE RANITIDINE
36
H3 BLOCKERS
CLOBENPROPIT CIPROXIFAN CONESSINE BETAHISTINE PITOLISANT ABT-239 A-349 821 THIOPERAMIDE
37
It is the treatment for psychiatric disorder or cognitive disorder.
THIOPERAMIDE
38
H4 BLOCKERS
VUF-6002
39
It is orally active and inhibits the activity of both mast cell and eosinophils in vivo, and has anti inflammatory and anti hyper allergic effects.
VUF-6002
40
The most widely used class of antidepressant drugs is commonly referred to as
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS
41
What does blocking serotonin receptors do?
These medicines are used after surgery and in patients undergoing cancer treatment to prevent nausea and vomiting. They work by blocking serotonin from entering certain cells in the nervous system and brain.
42
It is a mechanism to enhance blood flow to areas of the body that are lacking oxygen and/or nutrients. It causes a decrease in systematic vascular resistance and an increase in blood flow, resulting in a reduction of blood pressure.
VASODILATION
43
It is a chemical that the body produces naturally. It is needed for the nerve cells and brain to function.
HIGH SEROTONIN
44
These are involved in the synthesis of serotonin and other neurotransmitters.
FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN B12
45
It has been found in many patients who have depression or decreased attention, concentration, and memory.
VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY
46
Severe serotonin syndrome can cause death
47
It helps in wound healing by causing blood clot
SEROTONIN
48
H1 BLOCKERS 1st GENERATION MARKED POTENTIAL FOR PRODUCING SEDATION
- BROMPHENIRAMINE - CHLORPHENIRAMINE - CLEMASTINE - CYPROHEPTADINE - DIPHENYHYDRAMINE - DOXYLAMINE - HYDROXYZINE - PROMETAZINE
49
H1 BLOCKERS 1st GENERATION USED TO TREAT MOTION SICKNESS
CYCLIZINE DIPHENYHYDRAMINE DIMENHYDRINATE HYDROXIZINE MECLIZINE PROMETHAZINE
50
H1 BLOCKER 2ND GENERATION WEAK POTENTIAL FOR PRODUCING SEDATION
ACRIVASTINE CETIRIZINE LEVOCETIRIZINE
51
H1 BLOCKER 2nd GENERATION NON SEDATING
DESLORATADINE FEXOFENADINE LORATADINE
52
Examples of Polypeptides
- ANGIOSTENIN - KININS-BRADYKININ & KALLIKIDIN - VASOPRESSIN - VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE - SUBSTANCE P - SLOW REACTING SUBSTANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS
53
Examples of Eicosanoids
LEUKOTRIENES THROMBOXANES PROSTAGLANDINS PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTORS
54
Too much serotonin causes:
Mild (Shivering and Diarrhea) Severe (Muscle Rigidity, Fever, Seizures)
55
High serotonin can cause:
Bone Problems
56
It produces melatonin
Serotonin Dopamine
57
Hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycle
MELATONIN
58
Low Serotonin can cause:
Depression Anxiety
59
a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain's ability to control sleep-wake cycles
NARCOLEPSY
60
Precursor of Histamine
Histidine
61
It is where autacoids are located
Mast Cells
62
It increases heart rate
Potassium
63
It is a source of energy
Glucose

PCOL (6 decks)

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