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PCOL > module 2 > Flashcards

module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

are the local hormones produced in tissues rather than in glands

A

AUTACOIDS

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2
Q

These are locally acting hormone like substance, which originates from different tissue and produce intense biological activities near their site of synthesis or release.

A

AUTACOIDS

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3
Q

Classification of Autacoids

A

AMINE AUTACOIDS
PEPTIDE AUTACOIDS
EICOSANOIDS

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4
Q

Examples of Biogenic Amines

A

HISTAMINES
SEROTONIN

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5
Q

Substances produced by our body

A

HORMONE

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6
Q

Hormone na pinapadala ni Hypothalamus sa Brain

A

Growth Hormone

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7
Q

It is a biogenic substance with one or more amine groups.

A

A BIOGENIC AMINE

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8
Q

They are basic nitrogenous compounds formed mainly by decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones.

A

BIOGENIC AMINE

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9
Q

Function of Biogenic Amines

A

REGULATE BRAIN FUNCTIONS SUCH AS MOVEMENT, BEHAVIOR, EMOTIONS, TEMPERATURE, BLOOD PRESSURE AND ENDOCRINE SECRETION

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10
Q

Five Established Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters

A
  • 3 CATECHOLAMINES (DOPAMINE, NOREPINEPHRINE/NORADRENALINE, EPINEPHRINE/ADRENALINE)
  • HISTAMINE
  • SEROTONIN
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11
Q

It is the common causes of problems in our body.

A

HISTAMINES

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12
Q

Too much histamine is harmful.

A
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13
Q

They are chemicals produced by the immune system which act like bouncers at a club.

A

HISTAMINES

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14
Q

It is a life threatening allergic reaction. It occurs pag di nalabas ang allergy.

A

ANAPHYLAXIS

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15
Q

4 types of histamine receptors

A

H1,H2,H3,H4

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16
Q

It drives cellular migration, nociception, vasodilation, and bronchoconstriction.
- Mast Cell (Skin, Lungs, Bronchi)
- Effect: Allergic Reaction

A

H1 RECEPTOR

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17
Q

It is difficulty in breathing, bronchoconstriction in bronchi by H1

A

DYSPNEA

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18
Q

It modifies gastric secretion, airway mucus production, and vascular permeability.
- GIT (stomach, small intestines)
- Effects: Helps Digestion, Secretes more acid (Hyperacidity)

A

H2 RECEPTOR

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19
Q

It plays an important role in neuroinflammatory diseases.
- Brain (few)
- Effect: Brain Inflammation

A

H3-RECEPTOR

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20
Q

Blood (WBC), Basophil, Eosinophils
- Tahimik lang, Wag I-provoke

A

H4 RECEPTOR

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21
Q

It is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Its biological function is complex and multifaceted, modulating mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction.

A

SEROTONIN OR
5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE

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22
Q

It plays several roles in your body such as influencing learning, memory, happiness as well as regulating body temperature, sleep, sexual behavior and hunger.

A

SEROTONIN

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23
Q

Lack of Enough Serotonin can play a role in:

A

DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, MANIA AND ETC

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24
Q

In the central nervous system (CNS), serotonin is almost exclusively produced in neurons originating in the raphe nuclei located in the midline of the brainstem. These serotonin- producing neurons form the largest and most complex efferent system in the human brain.

A
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25
Q

It is the part of the brain where serotonin is produced.

A

BRAINSTEM

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26
Q

These are located on post-synaptic enteric and sensory neurons, on enteric neuronal membranes, in the vagus, on gastric endocrine glands and in the CNS.

A

5-HT3 RECEPTORS

27
Q

In the central nervous system (CNS), serotonin is almost exclusively produced in neurons originating in the______ located in the midline of the brainstem. These serotonin- producing neurons form the largest and most complex efferent system in the human brain.

A

raphe nuclei

28
Q

Where is most serotonin found?

A

INTESTINES

29
Q

How much serotonin is found in the cells lining your gastrointestinal tract?

A

ABOUT 90%

30
Q

10% SEROTONIN IS PRODUCED BY THE BRAIN

A
31
Q

What produces high serotonin?

A

Getting more exposure to outdoor sunlight and by doing plenty of exercise.

32
Q

What happens when serotonin receptors are stimulated?

A

Serotonin receptors influence various biological and neurological processes such as aggression, anxiety, appetite, cognition, learning, memory, mood, nausea, sleep, and thermoregulation.

33
Q

What causes lack of serotonin?

A

AGE-RELATED HEALTH AND BRAIN CHANGES

34
Q

Symptoms of low serotonin levels

A

MEMORY PROBLEMS
FEELING LOW
CRAVING SWEET FOOD
HAVING PROBLEM SLEEPING
FEELING BAD ABOUT YOURSELF
INCREASED LIBIDO

35
Q

H2 BLOCKERS

A

CIMETIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
NIZATIDINE
RANITIDINE

36
Q

H3 BLOCKERS

A

CLOBENPROPIT
CIPROXIFAN
CONESSINE
BETAHISTINE
PITOLISANT
ABT-239
A-349
821
THIOPERAMIDE

37
Q

It is the treatment for psychiatric disorder or cognitive disorder.

A

THIOPERAMIDE

38
Q

H4 BLOCKERS

A

VUF-6002

39
Q

It is orally active and inhibits the activity of both mast cell and eosinophils in vivo, and has anti inflammatory and anti hyper allergic effects.

A

VUF-6002

40
Q

The most widely used class of antidepressant drugs is commonly referred to as

A

TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS

41
Q

What does blocking serotonin receptors do?

A

These medicines are used after surgery and in patients undergoing cancer treatment to prevent nausea and vomiting. They work by blocking
serotonin from entering certain cells in the nervous system and brain.

42
Q

It is a mechanism to enhance blood flow to areas of the body that are lacking oxygen and/or nutrients. It causes a decrease in systematic vascular resistance and an increase in blood flow, resulting in a reduction of blood pressure.

A

VASODILATION

43
Q

It is a chemical that the body produces naturally. It is needed for the nerve cells and brain to function.

A

HIGH SEROTONIN

44
Q

These are involved in the synthesis of serotonin and other neurotransmitters.

A

FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN B12

45
Q

It has been found in many patients who have depression or decreased attention, concentration, and memory.

A

VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY

46
Q

Severe serotonin syndrome can cause death

A
47
Q

It helps in wound healing by causing blood clot

A

SEROTONIN

48
Q

H1 BLOCKERS 1st GENERATION MARKED POTENTIAL FOR PRODUCING SEDATION

A
  • BROMPHENIRAMINE
  • CHLORPHENIRAMINE
  • CLEMASTINE
  • CYPROHEPTADINE
  • DIPHENYHYDRAMINE
  • DOXYLAMINE
  • HYDROXYZINE
  • PROMETAZINE
49
Q

H1 BLOCKERS 1st GENERATION USED TO TREAT MOTION SICKNESS

A

CYCLIZINE
DIPHENYHYDRAMINE
DIMENHYDRINATE
HYDROXIZINE
MECLIZINE
PROMETHAZINE

50
Q

H1 BLOCKER 2ND GENERATION WEAK POTENTIAL FOR PRODUCING SEDATION

A

ACRIVASTINE
CETIRIZINE
LEVOCETIRIZINE

51
Q

H1 BLOCKER 2nd GENERATION NON SEDATING

A

DESLORATADINE
FEXOFENADINE
LORATADINE

52
Q

Examples of Polypeptides

A
  • ANGIOSTENIN
  • KININS-BRADYKININ & KALLIKIDIN
  • VASOPRESSIN
  • VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE
  • SUBSTANCE P
  • SLOW REACTING SUBSTANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS
53
Q

Examples of Eicosanoids

A

LEUKOTRIENES
THROMBOXANES
PROSTAGLANDINS
PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTORS

54
Q

Too much serotonin causes:

A

Mild (Shivering and Diarrhea)
Severe (Muscle Rigidity, Fever, Seizures)

55
Q

High serotonin can cause:

A

Bone Problems

56
Q

It produces melatonin

A

Serotonin
Dopamine

57
Q

Hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycle

A

MELATONIN

58
Q

Low Serotonin can cause:

A

Depression
Anxiety

59
Q

a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to control sleep-wake cycles

A

NARCOLEPSY

60
Q

Precursor of Histamine

A

Histidine

61
Q

It is where autacoids are located

A

Mast Cells

62
Q

It increases heart rate

A

Potassium

63
Q

It is a source of energy

A

Glucose

PCOL (6 decks)

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