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anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

opens Na or Ca channels / influx—–depolarization [more positive] —–nerve impulse

A

EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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2
Q

opens Cl channels——hyperpolarization [more negative] —–No nerve impulse

A

INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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3
Q

Examples of Excitatory Neurotransmitters

A

Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Aspartate

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4
Q

Examples of Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

A

Glycine
Gamma amino-butyric acid [GABA]

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5
Q

It is a drug used to produce mental relaxation, and to reduce the desire for physical activity.

A

SEDATIVE

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6
Q

It is a drug to induce and maintain sleep.

A

HYPNOTICS

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7
Q

It is a common psychiatric condition

A

ANXIETY

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8
Q

It refers to many states in which the sufferer experiences a sense of impending [or upcoming] threat, or doom that is not well defined or reastically based.

A

ANXIETY

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9
Q

Anxiety is usually accompanied by symptoms such as:

A

Tachycardia, Palpitations, Tachypnea, Sweating, Trembling and Weakness.

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10
Q

Types of Anxiety

A

Panic Disorder
Specific Phobia
Social Phobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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11
Q

It refers to recurrent unexpected panic attacks that can occur with agoraphobia in which patients fear places in which escape might be difficult.

A

PANIC DISORDER

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12
Q

It refers to intense fear of particular objects or situations [e.g. Snakes, heights] - most common disorder.

A

Specific Phobia

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13
Q

It refers to intense fear of being scrutinized in social or public situations [e.g. speaking in class, giving a speech.]

A

SOCIAL PHOBIA

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14
Q

It refers to intense pervasive worry over virtually every aspect of life.

A

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

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15
Q

It refers to persistent re-experience of a trauma, efforts to avoid recollecting the trauma, and hyper arousal.

A

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

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16
Q

It refers to recurrent obsessions and compulsions that cause significant distress and occupy a significant portion of one’s life.

A

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

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17
Q

Treatment for Anxiety

A

Psychotherapy
Drugs - Benzodiazepines, Beta-blockers, SSRIs, TCAs

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18
Q

It is the most widely used anxiolytic

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

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19
Q

It has benzene ring [A] fused to a seven-membered diazepine ring [B]

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

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20
Q

It is called minor tranquilizers

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

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21
Q

Short-Acting Benzodiazepines Duration of Action

A

2-8 hours

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22
Q

Examples of Short-Acting Benzodiazepines

A

Clonazepam [Klonopin, Rivotril] Oxazepam [Serax]
Triazolam [ Halcion]
Midazolam [Versed, Dormicum]

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23
Q

Intermediate-Acting Benzodiazepines Duration of Action

A

10-20 hours

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24
Q

Examples of Intermediate-Acting Benzodiazepines

A

Lorazepam [Ativan]
Alprazolam [Xanax, xanor] Termazepam [Restoril]

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25
Q

Long-Acting Benzodiazepines Duration of Action

A

1 to 3 days

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26
Q

Examples of Long-Acting Benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam {Valium, Anxionil} Flurazepam {Dalmane}
Chlordaiazepoxide

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27
Q

Drugs for Anxiety (Benzodiazepines)

A

Alprazolam, Diazepam

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28
Q

Drugs for Seizures (Benzodiazepines)

A

Diazepam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam

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29
Q

Drugs for Seizures (Benzodiazepines)

A

Diazepam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam

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30
Q

Drugs for Insomnia (Benzodiazepines)

A

Flurazepam, Midazolam

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31
Q

Drugs for Pre-Operative Sedation (Benzodiazepines)

A

Midazolam

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32
Q

Side Effects of Benzodiazepines

A

Drowsiness, Dependence
Respiratory depression [_+ethanol other CNS depressants]

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33
Q

Antidote [For overdose]

A

Flumazenil [Anexate] - which is GABA receptor antagonist

34
Q

It is the former DOC for anxiety, and insomnia

A

BARBITURATES

35
Q

The derivative of barbituric acid is 2&4

A

BARBITURATES

36
Q

BARBITURATES MOA -
Barbiturates increase the duration of GABA mediated chloride ion channel opening.

A
37
Q

Classifications of Benzodiazepines

A

SHORT-ACTING
INTERMEDIATE-ACTING
LONG-ACTING

38
Q

Classifications of Barbiturates

A

Ultra-Short Acting
Short-Acting
Long-Acting

39
Q

Ultra Short-Acting Barbiturates Duration of Action

A

20 mins

40
Q

Short-Acting Barbiturates Duration of Action

A

3-8 hours

41
Q

Long-Acting Barbiturates Duration of Action

A

1-2 days

42
Q

Examples of Ultra Short-Acting Barbiturates

A

Thiopental [Pentothal]

43
Q

Examples of Short-Acting Barbiturates

A

Pentobarbital [Nembutal]
Amobarbital [Amytal]

44
Q

Examples of Long-Acting Barbiturates

A

Phenobarbital [Luminal]

45
Q

Barbiturates used for the Induction of anesthesia

A

Thiopental

46
Q

Barbiturates used for Seizures in children

A

Phenobarbital

47
Q

Barbiturates used for anxiety

A

Phenobarbital
Amobarbital

48
Q

Barbiturates Side Effects

A

Drowsiness, Dependence, Respiratory Depression, Paradoxical Excitation

49
Q

It is a serotonin agonist
- non-sedating, no dependence

A

BUSPIRONE [Buspar]

50
Q

It is not a Bz but acts on Bz receptor

A

Zolpidem [Ambien, Stilnox]

51
Q
  • Knock out drops
  • Converted to trichloroethanol [active]
  • For preoperative sedation
A

CHLORAL HYDRATE

52
Q

Examples of Antihistamines

A
  • Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
  • Doxylamine [Unison]
  • Hydroxyzine [Atarax, Iterax]
53
Q

It is a condition that affects the way your brain processes information. It causes you to lose touch with reality.

A

PSYCHOSIS

54
Q

Psychosis is a symptom, not an illness. A mental or physical illness, substance abuse, or extreme stress or trauma can cause it.

A
55
Q

It involves psychosis that usually affects you for the first time in the late teen years or early adulthood. Young people are especially likely to get it, but doctors don’t know why.

A

Psychotic Disorders like Schizophrenia

56
Q

Even before what doctors call the first episode of psychosis (FEP), you may show slight changes in the way you act or think. This is called the ____ and could last days, weeks, months, or even years.

A

PRODROMAL PERIOD

57
Q

Sometimes you can lose touch with reality even when you don’t have a primary psychotic illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. When this happens, it’s called ____

A

SECONDARY PSYCHOSIS

58
Q

Hearing voices when no one is around

A

AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS

59
Q

Strange sensations or feelings you can’t explain.

A

TACTILE HALLUCINATIONS

60
Q

You see people or things that aren’t there, or you think the shape of things looks wrong.

A

VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS

61
Q

Beliefs that aren’t in line with your culture and that don’t make
sense to others.

A

DELUSIONS

62
Q

Causes of Psychosis

A

Genetics
Drugs
Trauma
Injuries and Illnesses
Overall Cause

63
Q

You can have the genes for it, but that doesn’t always mean you’ll get psychosis.

A

Genetics

64
Q

Triggers include some prescription medications and abuse of alcohol or drugs like marijuana, LSD, and amphetamines.

A

Drugs

65
Q

The death of a loved one, a sexual assault, or war can lead to psychosis. The type of trauma and the age you were when it happened also play a role.

A

TRAUMA

66
Q

Traumatic brain injuries, brain tumors, strokes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and HIV can all bring on psychosis.

A

Illnesses and Injuries

67
Q

A disturbance in Dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter of the basal ganglia responsible for movement and skeletal muscle tone.

A

Overall Cause

68
Q

Butyrophenones antipsychotic drugs

A

Haloperidol
- antipsychotic; antimanic

69
Q

Dibensoxazepines antipsychotic drugs

A

Loxapine
- antipsychotic

70
Q

Dihydroindolones antipsychotic drugs

A

Molindone
- antipsychotic

71
Q

Phenothiazines antipsychotic drugs

A

Chlorpromazine
- antipsychotic, antiemetic

Prochlorperazine
- antiemetic

Promethazine
- antihistaminic (colds, motion sickness)

Thioridazine
- antipsychotic

Trifluoperazine
- antipsychotic

Triflupromazine
- antipsychotic, antiemetic

72
Q

Thioxanthenes antipsychotic drugs

A

Chlorprothixene
- antipsychotic

Thiothixene
- antipsychotic

73
Q

It is the first phenothiazine discovered

A

CHLORPROMAZINE

74
Q

Therapeutic effects of Phenothiazines are:

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • Antihistaminic
  • Alpha-adrenergic blocking
  • Antiemetic
75
Q

Minor Adverse Effects of Phenothiazines???

A

Dry mouth [Xerostomia]
Constipation
Visual disturbances [anticholinergic effects]

76
Q

Major Adverse Effects of Phenothiazines??? (Concerns Neurological Conditions)

A

Akathisia
Dystonic Reaction
Parkinsonism
Tardive Dyskinesia

77
Q

It refers to continuous movement where the individual is restless and
continuously paces about.

A

Akathisia

78
Q

It is characterized by muscle spasms, twitching, facial grimacing
and torticollis [wryneck].

A

Dystonic Reaction

79
Q

It is referred as extrapyramidal symptoms involves development of
muscular rigidity, tremors and other disturbances of movement.

A

Parkinsonism

80
Q

It is referred as extrapyramidal symptoms involves development of
muscular rigidity, tremors and other disturbances of movement.

A

Parkinsonism

81
Q

It usually develops after long term antipsychotic therapy that involves involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, tongue and extremities.

A

Tardive dyskinesia

PCOL (6 decks)

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