Predicting Performance

Question 1

Relating Initial and Later achievement

Answer 1

how well does early learning achievement predict later stages of achievement?

• use correlations
• role of abilities at each of the stages

Question 2

Correlating performance trials

Answer 2

correlate a score for a given practice period to final score

• you can say “trial 1 will tell us if you’ll do well on the last trial” with about 50% accuracy”
• the more you practice, the better you will get at predicting

Question 3

Intertrial correlations

Answer 3

procedure involving correlating all practice trials with each other
-provides info about relationship between performances of any two trials

Question 4

Remoteness effect

Answer 4

seen when looking at rows of the intertrial correlation matrix
-the correlation between two trials decreases as number of intervening trials increases

Question 5

Adjacent-trials effect

Answer 5

seen when looking at diagonals of intertrial correlation matrix

• the correlation between two adjacent trials (right next to each other) increases as the number of trials increases
• as you continue along in practice, any two adjacent trial correlations will get higher and higher b/c you’re finally getting strategy that consistently works

Question 6

practice as a process of simplification (what do intertrial correlations show?)

Answer 6

• Performance early in practice is a poor predictor of performance later in practice (proven by remoteness effect)
• Number of abilities used systematically decreases with practice, so that the task comes to depend on just a few abilities at the end of practice (proven with adjacent trials effects)

Question 7

Ackerman’s Integrated Model

Answer 7

integrates the concept of Fitts and Posner’s stages of learning with view of abilities

• abilities needed to perform a skill change systematically throughout learning
• abilities in use depend on the stage of learning

Question 8

Ackerman: correlating ability and performance in stage 1 of learning

Answer 8

Stage 1 = Cognitive stage

• general intellectual abilities (IQ; info processing) are most important
• higher intellectual ability will result in better performance in stage 1 of learning

Question 9

Ackerman: correlating ability and performance in stage 2 of learning

Answer 9

Stage 2 = Associative stage

• perceptual speed abilities are most important
• how quickly can you pick out info in a visual scene; how quickly can you access memory

Question 10

Ackerman: correlating ability and performance in stage 3 of learning

Answer 10

Stage 3 = Autonomous stage
-perceptual and motor abilities are most important
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