Augmented Feedback Flashcards
Inherent feedback
feedback naturally available when performing a skill (eg. seeing ball miss basket and feeling arm move wrong)
Augmented feedback
information provided about the task that is supplemental to, or augments, inherent feedback
- added to sensory info already there
- must come from an external source
(eg. score in gymnastics)
Is augmented feedback essential?
Depends on characteristic of skill
1 - augmented feedback can be essential for skill acquisition; person cannot use inherent feedback
2 - augmented feedback may not be needed for skill acquisition; augmented feedback is redundant with inherent
3- augmented feedback can enhance skill acquisition; certain motor skills can be learned without it, but will be learned faster/at higher level with augmented feedback
4 - augmented feedback can hinder skill learning; learner becomes dependent on feedback
Errors vs. correcting performance
either tell performers what errors that were made OR tell performers how to correct their performance
sandwich approach
(+)(-)(+) encourage, tell them what they did wrong (error), then “keep up the good work” - knowing what you did wrong is more helpful than getting told you were right
knowledge of performance
information about patterns and actions of movements that you did
- could be casual comments by teacher or coach
- could be complex feedback by computer
examples of knowledge of performance: verbal
verbally telling performer what they did
- descriptive: explain what they did wrong
- prescriptive: explain how they should fix it
- biggest problem” deciding appropriate content (prescriptive is useful for new learners; should breakdown skill in skills analysis)
examples of knowledge of performance: video
- context of skill you’re already good at
- research shows that just watching yourself in a video isn’t good enough: best results when watching is paired with correcting cues
examples of knowledge of performance: movement kinematics
strongest learning effects when KP is presented with kinematics about optimum performance; hard data and numbers
examples of knowledge of performance: biofeedback
eg) heartbeat biofeedback for rifle shooters
eg) EMG biofeedback for post-stroke feedback
knowledge of results
augmented information about the movement outcome
- only get the outcome
- qualitative and quantitative (beginners focus on qualitative)
concurrent feedback
feedback given during skill
- could actually make it worse than if no feedback was given
- directs attention away from intrinsic feedback
- only positive when intrinsic feedback is very low (ie. biofeedback)
terminal feedback
feedback given after a skill
- most successful if give 10-20 seconds after the skill is complete
- performer must learn their own intrinsic feedback first, so a delay is beneficial
