preconception, pregnancy and lactation test#1 Flashcards

1
Q

subfertility

A

reduced level of fertility; multiple early pregnancy losses

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2
Q

pica

A

consumption of nonfood substances

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3
Q

miscarriage

A

the loss of a conceptus in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy

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4
Q

infecundity

A

biological inability to bear children after 1 y of unprotected intercourse

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5
Q

ova

A

eggs of the female; produced and stored in the ovaries

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6
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

the line the alveoli; can contract to cause milk to be secreted into the duct

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7
Q

lactogenesis

A

another term for the human milk production

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8
Q

letdown reflux

A

stimulate milk release from the breast

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9
Q

which BMI for weight gain during pregnancy is recommended for one who is overweight?

A

15 - 25 lbs

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10
Q

how can the risk of neural tube defects in utero be reduced?

A

increase folic acid intake throughout the childbearing years

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11
Q

when counseling a newly pregnant patient about alcohol consumption, the most appropriate recommendation is…

A

avoid alcohol completely throughout the entire pregnancy

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12
Q

what is BMI range found to result in the best chances of getting pregnant?

A

higher than 19 and lower than 25

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13
Q

what is the danger in the delaying conception for women?

A

infertility and increased health risks for her and her baby

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14
Q

what is the possible reason that women with PCOS have trouble getting pregnant

A

they produce androgens that interfere with the monthly menstrual cycle because they cause an increase in male hormones/organs

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15
Q

what food should a pregnant woman with celiac disease eliminate from her diet

A

wheat, barley, rye, and oats

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16
Q

True or false!? eating disorders or extreme exercise can result in amenorrhea, contributing to impaired fertility

A

true

17
Q

for mem, sperm numbers and viability may start to decrease after approximately which age?

A

35 yo

18
Q

what does the American pregnancy association and AND currently recommend regarding caffeine intake

A

limit caffeine to 200 mg

19
Q

Mercury is a specific metal of concern during the preconception and pregnant stages. What is the FDA recommendation regarding seafood intake?

A

limit intake of fish low in mercury to 8 - 12 oz per week

20
Q

list 2 factors that can alter fertility specific to mem

A

high estrogen and sperm defficient (unormal)

21
Q

list 2 factors that alter fertility for mem and woman

A

obesity and antioxidants defficience

22
Q

list 2 factors that can alter fertility specific for woman

A

PID ( pelvic inflammatory disease) and

PCOS (polycystic syndrome

23
Q

what is not a normal physiological changes during pregnancy

A

decreased production of insulin

24
Q

DRI of increased energy intake during each trimester of pregnancy

A

1st: slightly increased; 2sd: 340 kcals; 3rd: 452 kcal

25
Q

what is not a nutrient recommended for pregnancy

A

carbohydrates - less than 175g per day

26
Q

why is DHA important to consume during the pregnancy

A

assist with development of the brain, retina, and neural tissues of the fetus

27
Q

is not a way to prevent or relieve heartburn or acid reflux

A

take frequent naps in the lying down position

28
Q

how many grams does a low birth weight infant weigh?

A

less than 2500 g

29
Q

at how many weeks do nutrients start to pass via the umbilical cord?

A

10 weeks

30
Q

hyperemesis gravidarum

A

is indicate by excessive nausea, vomiting, electrolyte imbalance and possible malnutrition

31
Q

one cause of high risk pregnancy

A

cancer

32
Q

list three ways to relieve nausea or morning sickness

A

lemmon, crakers, cravings(food ready to eat)

33
Q

which hormone is responsible for allowing let-down of breast milk

A

oxytocin

34
Q

which hormone is responsible for allowing let-down of breast milk

A

oxytocin

35
Q

what is most likely reson breast milk reduces incidence of allergies?

A

breast milk composition changes over time, offering the the infant a variety of different substances

36
Q

breastfeeding an infant decreases the risk of…

A

HIV

37
Q

a condition characterized by abnormal facial features, growth deficiencies, central nervous system defects, behavioral and learning difficulties, poor socials skills, and difficulty with vision and hearing

A

fetal alcohol syndrome