preconception, pregnancy and lactation test#1 Flashcards
subfertility
reduced level of fertility; multiple early pregnancy losses
pica
consumption of nonfood substances
miscarriage
the loss of a conceptus in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy
infecundity
biological inability to bear children after 1 y of unprotected intercourse
ova
eggs of the female; produced and stored in the ovaries
myoepithelial cells
the line the alveoli; can contract to cause milk to be secreted into the duct
lactogenesis
another term for the human milk production
letdown reflux
stimulate milk release from the breast
which BMI for weight gain during pregnancy is recommended for one who is overweight?
15 - 25 lbs
how can the risk of neural tube defects in utero be reduced?
increase folic acid intake throughout the childbearing years
when counseling a newly pregnant patient about alcohol consumption, the most appropriate recommendation is…
avoid alcohol completely throughout the entire pregnancy
what is BMI range found to result in the best chances of getting pregnant?
higher than 19 and lower than 25
what is the danger in the delaying conception for women?
infertility and increased health risks for her and her baby
what is the possible reason that women with PCOS have trouble getting pregnant
they produce androgens that interfere with the monthly menstrual cycle because they cause an increase in male hormones/organs
what food should a pregnant woman with celiac disease eliminate from her diet
wheat, barley, rye, and oats
True or false!? eating disorders or extreme exercise can result in amenorrhea, contributing to impaired fertility
true
for mem, sperm numbers and viability may start to decrease after approximately which age?
35 yo
what does the American pregnancy association and AND currently recommend regarding caffeine intake
limit caffeine to 200 mg
Mercury is a specific metal of concern during the preconception and pregnant stages. What is the FDA recommendation regarding seafood intake?
limit intake of fish low in mercury to 8 - 12 oz per week
list 2 factors that can alter fertility specific to mem
high estrogen and sperm defficient (unormal)
list 2 factors that alter fertility for mem and woman
obesity and antioxidants defficience
list 2 factors that can alter fertility specific for woman
PID ( pelvic inflammatory disease) and
PCOS (polycystic syndrome
what is not a normal physiological changes during pregnancy
decreased production of insulin
DRI of increased energy intake during each trimester of pregnancy
1st: slightly increased; 2sd: 340 kcals; 3rd: 452 kcal
what is not a nutrient recommended for pregnancy
carbohydrates - less than 175g per day
why is DHA important to consume during the pregnancy
assist with development of the brain, retina, and neural tissues of the fetus
is not a way to prevent or relieve heartburn or acid reflux
take frequent naps in the lying down position
how many grams does a low birth weight infant weigh?
less than 2500 g
at how many weeks do nutrients start to pass via the umbilical cord?
10 weeks
hyperemesis gravidarum
is indicate by excessive nausea, vomiting, electrolyte imbalance and possible malnutrition
one cause of high risk pregnancy
cancer
list three ways to relieve nausea or morning sickness
lemmon, crakers, cravings(food ready to eat)
which hormone is responsible for allowing let-down of breast milk
oxytocin
which hormone is responsible for allowing let-down of breast milk
oxytocin
what is most likely reson breast milk reduces incidence of allergies?
breast milk composition changes over time, offering the the infant a variety of different substances
breastfeeding an infant decreases the risk of…
HIV
a condition characterized by abnormal facial features, growth deficiencies, central nervous system defects, behavioral and learning difficulties, poor socials skills, and difficulty with vision and hearing
fetal alcohol syndrome
