Pre - Reading - Understanding Criminology Flashcards
What did Garland mean by ‘governmental project?
Empirical studies of justice: the working of prisons, police, and measurements of crime
What did Garland mean by the Lombrosian project?
Examining characteristics of offenders and non-criminals with the ability to distinguish the groups, thus developing an understanding of the cause of crime.
What did Garland argue were the two separate streams of work in criminology?
Governmental project and the Lombrosian project.
What was Lombroso’s theor of criminality?
Indivisuals physical characteristics such as size of head, jaw and cheekbones as well as looking at enviromental conditions that produced criminality.
Why did Sellin say (1970) that criminology is an interdisciplinary subject?
Observed ‘criminologists’ does not exist who is an expert in all disciplines covered in crime
How does Downes describe criminology?
A Rendezvous subject as it capture multiple areas of study.
How does Sutherland Define criminology?
Study of making laws, breaking laws, and societies reaction to the breaking of laws and bringing forth social sanction.
What are the three tributaries that make up criminology?
- The study of crime
- The study of those who commit crime
- The study of the criminal justice system and penal system.
According to Sutherland, what is objective criminology?
The body of general and verified principles and of other types of knowledge regarding the process of law, crime, and treatment/ preventions.
What is critical criminology, according to Hillyard and Tombs (2004)?
They argue that for a change of focus away from ‘crime’ and towards ‘social harm’ they did so through four basis of major lines of criticisms.
What are Hillyards and Tombs 4 basis major lines of criticisms.
- crime has no ontological reality: no reality beyond the application of the term to particular acts. The acts themselves aren’t intrinsically (naturally) criminal.
- Criminology perpetuates the myth of crime: talks of ‘crime; as if it were relatively unproblematic.
- Crime consists of many petty events: A lot of criminal acts create little physical or financial harm and often involve no victim.
- Crime excluded many serious harms: which result in sizeable hare and are not dealt with via the criminal law. i.e, are not treated as criminal (fraud)
What did Cohen say about Critical criminology?
The way that prisons, courts, probation officers and police need crime, so does the criminologists. The gap between the real world of crime and the artificial world of criminology is huge. Thus, one reason is due to the mere existence of criminology the perpetuates (makes) the illusions that one can have a general theory of crime causation.
