Historical constructs of criminology

Question 1

What are some concerns of crime historians?

Answer 1

1. Progressive reform (e.g. child labour, young offenders)
2. Presentism (The past sets up the future of criminal justice system)
3. The relationship between criminal history and social history (socially constructed, leading to the shift of addressing crime through movements of pressure groups and changing of the value consensus)

Question 2

What Seminal work did Michael Foucault do?

Answer 2

Discipline and punishment, 1975 - The coercive technologies of control

Question 3

What seminal work did John Lea do?

Answer 3

Crime and modernity - Continuities in left realist criminology (surveillance)

Question 4

What seminal work did Jock Young do?

Answer 4

The exclusive society - Social exclusion, crime and difference in late modernity (Anti-social behaviour)

Question 5

What seminal work did David Garland do?

Answer 5

Punishment and Welfare (1985)

Question 6

How does the Lax personal morality help explain the changes in perceptions of crime?

Answer 6

The Lax personal morality is caused by a breakdown in traditional employment roles and forms of authority. Shifting in ethical boundaries.

Question 7

How does Jock Young explain the Underclass?

Answer 7

1. Failure of the system to provide jobs (capitalism)
2. Stigmatising and stereotyping particular groups as criminogenic (victims of social injustice)
3. Individuals with a divergent value-set. Blamed for lack of motivation.