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PRNU 131 > Pre-op and Intra-op nursing > Flashcards

Pre-op and Intra-op nursing Flashcards

1
Q

what are the categories of surgeries?

A

elective
urgent
emergent

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2
Q

what are the classifications of surgeries?

A

diagnostic
curative
repair
palliative
reconstructive or cosmetic
rehabilitative

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3
Q

what are examples of conditions that require emergent surgery?

A

severe bleeding
bladder or intestinal obstruction
fractured skull
gun shot or stab wound
extensive burns

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4
Q

when is an emergent surgery done?

A

ASAP

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5
Q

what are conditions that require urgent surgery?

A

gallbladder infection
kidney stones
hip fractures

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6
Q

how soon is an urgent surgery done?

A

within 24-30 hours

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7
Q

what are conditions that fall under “required” surgery, and how soon is it done?

A

plan for next few weeks or months

thyroid conditions, cataracts, prostate resection for BPH

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8
Q

what is an elective surgery?

A

should be done, but not having it will not be a big deal either

hernia repair is an example of an elective surgery

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9
Q

what is an optional surgery?

A

cosmetic surgery, decision up to the patient

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10
Q

why is pre op education important for patients?

A

can reduce length of stay by about a day

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11
Q

how are knee replacements treated post-op?

A

PT starts on same day of surgery or next morning
analgesia strategy incorporates robaxin, tylenol, celebrex, and corticosteroids

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12
Q

what should we ask patients about before their surgery?

A

Name and DOB, allergies, vitals, physical assessment
assess pain, nutrition, mobility
psychosocial and spiritual considerations
current medications and substance use
when did they last eat or drink?
family history of malignant hyperthermia
check if informed consent is done

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13
Q

who obtains informed consent?

A

the surgeon

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14
Q

what is reviewed during informed consent?

A

surgeon’s name
what the surgery is and why it’s needed
risks of surgery
alternative options to surgery
outcome if surgery not performed
consent for anesthesia and blood products

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15
Q

what is included on the pre-op checklist?

A

lab work
imaging orders (xray)
remove piercings and nail polish
prep and mark surgical site
Insert IV, administer antibiotics and analgesia as ordered
patient should void
bedside report to OR nurse

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16
Q

who on the surgical team must be sterile?

A

surgeon
surgical assistant
scrub nurse/scrub tech

17
Q

what does the scrub nurse/scrub tech do?

A

pass instruments
prep OR
count sponges and instruments
take care of specimens

18
Q

who on the surgical team does not need to be sterile?

A

anesthesiologist or CRNA
circulating nurse - documents, positions patient
unlicensed assistive personnel

19
Q

what are the “rights” of surgery

A

right patient
right location
right procedure

20
Q

which kind of anesthesia requires intubation?

A

general anesthesia

21
Q

what is regional anesthesia?

A

uses spinal or epidural

22
Q

what is used for moderate sedation?

A

benzo and narcotic combo

23
Q

what is Monitored Anesthesia Care?

A

local anesthesia with light sedation, patient still breathes on their own

24
Q

what are common adverse effects of anesthesia?

A

hypotension
headache
delirium
hypothermia
N/V
anxiety
shivering

25
Q

what are more seriouscomplications of anesthesia?

A

anaphylaxis
hypoxia
malignant hyperthermia
seizure
cardiac or respiratory arrest
stroke
nerve damage
anesthesia awareness

26
Q

what occurs during malignant hyperthermia?

A

sustained muscular contraction
hypermetabolism
obviously they’re also overheating

27
Q

signs and symptoms of malignant hyperthermia

A

tachycardia
rigidity
hyperthermia
increased CO2
hypertension
dark brown urine - rhabdomyolysis from muscle breakdown

28
Q

how is malignant hyperthermia treated?

A

dantrolene to relax muscles
cooling methods: cold NS IV, remove blankets, ice bags

PRNU 131 (18 decks)

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