Nutritional Deficits Flashcards
preventing aspiration
assess if PO intake is realistic
sit up 90 degrees
thicken liquids if needed
cut food into small pieces
reduce distractions
ensure assistive devices are available
remove clutter
risk factors for malnutrition
cancer treatment
GI problems
Coma
Hypermetabolism - burns, sepsis, organ transplant
social conditions - remote, food deserts
psychological conditions - EDs, depression, anxiety
unable to prepare foods d/t disability
age
what is wasting?
low weight for height
what is stunting?
low height for age
what is underweight?
low weight for age
manifestations of undernutrition
pale, thick, dry skin
easy bruising
bleeding gums
soft bones
aching joints
swollen or shriveled tongue
night blindness
light sensitivity
what kind of tube can be used to remove stomach contents in an emergency?
NG tube
what is the purpose of a G tube
full dietary needs or just providing supplementation
what is a J tube?
goes to small intestine instead of stomach
when is enteral feeding indicated
pt unable to maintain adequate oral intake
pt with functional GI tract
comatose, dysphagia, upper GI obstruction, increased metabolic demand
when is enteral feeding contraindicated?
bowel necrosis
bowel obstruction
GI bleeding
paralytic ileus
when is total parenteral nutrition indicated?
pt does not have functional GI tract
when is NG tube contraindicated?
nasopharyngeal or esophageal obstruction
maxillofacial trauma, esophageal stricture or diverticulum = risk for perforation
coagulation abnormality = bleeding risk
electrolyte imbalances
nausea and vomiting
who can place NG tube?
RN or LPN
how is NG tube length measured?
tip of nose to earlobe, then nose to xyphoid process
