Lecture 2 Health equity, disparity, and SDOH Flashcards
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- physiological needs
- safety and security
- belongingness and affection
- esteem and self-respect
- self-actualization
health disparity
preventable difference in health outcomes
who experiences health disparities?
socially disadvantaged populations
what are outcomes that reflect health dispaarities?
- life expectancy and mortality rates
- quality of life and disease burden
- physical and mental health
- disease prevalence
what are some demographics that define populations?
- race and ethnicity
- gender
- education and income level
- disability
- geographic location
- sexual orientation
what causes health disparities?
unequal distribution of resources
social, political, economic, environmental
what are social determinants of health?
- risk factors for health disparities
- environmental conditions that affect health and quality of life outcomes
- influence lifestyles and choices
what are the five domains of health disparities?
- economic stability
- education access and quality
- healthcare access and quality
- neighborhood and built environment
- community and social context
why does economic instability lead to health disparities?
- unable to afford healthy foods
- unstable housing
- unable to afford preventative health care = will require higher level of care later
why does education access lead to health disparities?
- makes it harder to find good-paying work = downstream effects of economic instability
how does poverty influence education?
stress of poverty impacts children’s readiness to learn
what impacts healthcare access?
- lack of insurance
- unable to afford healthcare
- legal or structural barriers
- age
what impacts quality of healthcare?
- communication issues (HOH, speech difficulties)
- discrimination
- mistrust of healthcare system
why do rural communities have poorer access to healthcare?
- limited number of physicians, fewer incentives to work in rural areas
- medical specialization concentrated inn urban areas
what are some downstream effects of rural healthcare?
- poor maternity care: limited OBGYN
- poor health among the elderly
- deaths of despair: isolation, suicide, opioid crisis, chronic liver disease (AUD)
elements of neighborhood and built environment that influence health disparities
- safety and walkability - ability to walk and play outside
- quality of homes
- access to healthy or unhealthy food
- quality of air and water
what is social capital?
having security through social networks, connections
how do social and community context impact health disparities?
incarceration = stigma
discrimination
civic participation = politics, voting
social cohesion - fitting in and having positive relationships
these influence access to socioeconomic mobility and support in times of need
how does intersectionality influence health disparities?
multiple aspects of identity can contribute to oppression or privilege
how does redlining impact health disparities?
- urban neighborhoods classified as “high risk” by the government, mostly populated by POC and/or immigrants
- these neighborhoods have less investment in housing and grocery stores
