Lecture 2 Health equity, disparity, and SDOH

Question 1

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 1

1. physiological needs
2. safety and security
3. belongingness and affection
4. esteem and self-respect
5. self-actualization

Question 2

health disparity

Answer 2

preventable difference in health outcomes

Question 3

who experiences health disparities?

Answer 3

socially disadvantaged populations

Question 4

what are outcomes that reflect health dispaarities?

Answer 4

• life expectancy and mortality rates
• quality of life and disease burden
• physical and mental health
• disease prevalence

Question 5

what are some demographics that define populations?

Answer 5

• race and ethnicity
• gender
• education and income level
• disability
• geographic location
• sexual orientation

Question 6

what causes health disparities?

Answer 6

unequal distribution of resources
social, political, economic, environmental

Question 7

what are social determinants of health?

Answer 7

• risk factors for health disparities
• environmental conditions that affect health and quality of life outcomes
• influence lifestyles and choices

Question 8

what are the five domains of health disparities?

Answer 8

• economic stability
• education access and quality
• healthcare access and quality
• neighborhood and built environment
• community and social context

Question 9

why does economic instability lead to health disparities?

Answer 9

• unable to afford healthy foods
• unstable housing
• unable to afford preventative health care = will require higher level of care later

Question 10

why does education access lead to health disparities?

Answer 10

• makes it harder to find good-paying work = downstream effects of economic instability

Question 11

how does poverty influence education?

Answer 11

stress of poverty impacts children’s readiness to learn

Question 12

what impacts healthcare access?

Answer 12

• lack of insurance
• unable to afford healthcare
• legal or structural barriers
• age

Question 13

what impacts quality of healthcare?

Answer 13

• communication issues (HOH, speech difficulties)
• discrimination
• mistrust of healthcare system

Question 14

why do rural communities have poorer access to healthcare?

Answer 14

• limited number of physicians, fewer incentives to work in rural areas
• medical specialization concentrated inn urban areas

Question 15

what are some downstream effects of rural healthcare?

Answer 15

• poor maternity care: limited OBGYN
• poor health among the elderly
• deaths of despair: isolation, suicide, opioid crisis, chronic liver disease (AUD)

Question 16

elements of neighborhood and built environment that influence health disparities

Answer 16

• safety and walkability - ability to walk and play outside
• quality of homes
• access to healthy or unhealthy food
• quality of air and water

Question 17

what is social capital?

Answer 17

having security through social networks, connections

Question 18

how do social and community context impact health disparities?

Answer 18

incarceration = stigma
discrimination
civic participation = politics, voting
social cohesion - fitting in and having positive relationships

these influence access to socioeconomic mobility and support in times of need

Question 19

how does intersectionality influence health disparities?

Answer 19

multiple aspects of identity can contribute to oppression or privilege

Question 20

how does redlining impact health disparities?

Answer 20

• urban neighborhoods classified as “high risk” by the government, mostly populated by POC and/or immigrants
• these neighborhoods have less investment in housing and grocery stores