pre midterm summary

Question 1

what are b-blockers + example

Answer 1

ex: atenolol
(#1 choice)
- decrease SNS
- decrease HR + myocardial contractility

Question 2

what are the 4 antihypertensives

Answer 2

ACEI/ARB, b blockers, CCB, diuretics

Question 3

what are a-blockers

Answer 3

ex: prazosin
- block a-receptors
- vasodilation
- prostatic enlargement + raynaud’s

Question 4

ACE inhibitors

Answer 4

…pril’s
- inhibit RAAS + cause dry cough
calms ur body during hypertension/asthma
terotogenic

Question 5

ARBs

Answer 5

…artans
- sim to ACE
- fix cough from ACE
$$$$$$
terotogenic

Question 6

whats best hypertensive diuretic

Answer 6

thiazide
- elderly + HF

Question 7

methydopa

Answer 7

prego - hypertension

Question 8

what are vasodilator classes

Answer 8

1. arterial dilators (hydralazine)
2. venous dilators (organic nitrates)
3. combined yeahhhh

Question 9

what are organic nitrates + ex

Answer 9

ex: GTN - short acting
increases guanylyl cyclase and cGMP
traps Ca, so lack of it occurs
DILATOR

Question 10

what should you not combine w organic nitrates

Answer 10

PDE5 bc of severe hypotension

Question 11

what are CCB’s

Answer 11

block Ca+
cardiac depressants
ex: dihydropyridine, phenylalkylamine

Question 12

what are b-blockers

Answer 12

cardiac depressants
1st choice for antiangina
- dont do for variant angina

Question 13

what not to combine in heart

Answer 13

CCBs w B-blockers

Question 14

5 diuretics

Answer 14

• thiazides
• loop
• k-sparing
• carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
• osmotic

Question 15

what are thiazide diuretics + ex

Answer 15

• DCT
• decreases K and NaCl
• elderly
  ex: hydrochlorothiazide

Question 16

what are loop diuretics + ex

Answer 16

• loop of henle
• hypokalemia
• decrease NaCl
• AGGRESSIVE GRR
  ex: furosemide

Question 17

k-sparing + example

Answer 17

DCT- CD
- Na and H2O loss
- hyperkalemia
1. aldosterone antagonist: spironolactone
2. Na blocker: amiloride

Question 18

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 18

ex: acetazolamide
- EYES glaucoma one
increase Na, K excretion

Question 19

osmotic diuretic + ex

Answer 19

ex: mannitol
- increases osmolarity
EDEMA

Question 20

alpha 1 agonist

Answer 20

• excitatory
• vasoDILATION
• anaphylaxis

Question 21

alpha 1 antagonist

Answer 21

• inhibitory
• vasoCONSTRICTION
• raynaud’s

Question 22

alpha 2 agonist

Answer 22

• inhibitory effect on SNS and PSNS
• anaphylaxis

Question 23

alpha 2 antagonist

Answer 23

• decreased coordination SNS and PSNS

Question 24

beta 1 agonist

Answer 24

increase heart stuff
(heart block, shock, etc)

Question 25

beta 1 antagonist

Answer 25

decreases heart stuff
(hypertension, angina, glaucoma)

Question 26

beta 2 agonist

Answer 26

bronchoDILATION + vasoDILATION in lungs

Question 27

beta 2 antagonist

Answer 27

decreases smooth muscle contraction

Question 28

a + b blockers

Answer 28

hypertension during preg

Question 29

muscarinic agonists ex

Answer 29

methacholine (glaucoma)

Question 30

muscarinic antagonist ex

Answer 30

atropine (pupil dilation, asthma)

Question 31

non depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Answer 31

• muscle can’t contract, paralysis
• Ach antagonist
  ex: tubocurarine

Question 32

depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Answer 32

• muscle exhaustion
• Ach agonist
• short duration
  ex: succinylcholine

Question 33

digitalis

Answer 33

• inhibits Na-K-ATpase
• increase Na and Ca in cell
• narrow TI
• old ppl and renal impairment
• use for HF + tachyarrhythmia

Question 34

recombinent-b natriuretic

Answer 34

increased Na and water loss

Question 35

milrinone

Answer 35

PDE3 inhibitor
increase myocardial contractility

Question 36

vasopressin

Answer 36

decreased water retention
prevents vasoconstriction
hypertension, reduce burden on heart

Question 37

ex of COX inhibitor

Answer 37

aspirin

Question 38

ADP receptor blocker ex

Answer 38

clopidogrel

block ADP, increase cAMP

Question 39

phosphodiesterase inhibitor ex

Answer 39

block PDE3, increase cAMP

cilostazol

Question 40

prostacyclin ex

Answer 40

synthetic analogue of prostacyclin
increase cAMP
carbacyclin

Question 41

adenosine reuptake ex

Answer 41

inhibit adenosine RBC’s
increase cAMP
dipyridamole

Question 42

glycoprotein 2b/3b blockers

Answer 42

abciximab

Question 43

thromboxane inhibitors

Answer 43

inhibit thromboxane

Question 44

heparin

Answer 44

unfractionated - more side effects, longer, IV/SC, inhibit 2a/10a(X)

low molecular weight: less side effects, shorter, improved pharmacokinetics, more selective inhibition of the 10a

Question 45

warfarin

Answer 45

inhibits K
oral
makes active prothrombin

Question 46

streptokinase

Answer 46

high risk bleeding!

Question 47

direct thrombin inhibitor

Answer 47

decrease thrombin 2a

antidote: praxbind

Question 48

direct Xa inhibitor

Answer 48

directly inhibit Xa

andexa - antidote

Question 49

b2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 49

acute attacks
stim B2 receptors

short: salbutamol
long: salmeterol

Question 50

anticholinergics

Answer 50

inhibit muscaranic recpt
inhalation
ex: ipratropium bromide

Question 51

xanthines

Answer 51

inhibit PDE
oral
narrow TI
ex: theophyllines

Question 52

mast cell stabilizers

Answer 52

stabilize what it says
not acute
inhalation
ex: nedocromil
decrease histamine

Question 53

glucocorticoids - antiasthma

Answer 53

decrease mucus secretions
anti inflammatory
inhalation
ex: bexlomethasole

Question 54

methotrexate

Answer 54

autoimmune
SIDE EFFECT GALORE
last resort

Question 55

anti-IGE

Answer 55

inhibits IGE antibody
decrease asthma sympt
anaphylaxis
SC
SEVERE PERSISTANT ASTHMA
ex: omalizumab

Question 56

leukotreome syn inhibitors

Answer 56

• inhibit 5-lipoxygenase enzyme
  decrease leukotriene production
  oral
  no acute attacks
  ex: zileuton