pre midterm summary Flashcards
what are b-blockers + example
ex: atenolol
(#1 choice)
- decrease SNS
- decrease HR + myocardial contractility
what are the 4 antihypertensives
ACEI/ARB, b blockers, CCB, diuretics
what are a-blockers
ex: prazosin
- block a-receptors
- vasodilation
- prostatic enlargement + raynaud’s
ACE inhibitors
…pril’s
- inhibit RAAS + cause dry cough
calms ur body during hypertension/asthma
terotogenic
ARBs
…artans
- sim to ACE
- fix cough from ACE
$$$$$$
terotogenic
whats best hypertensive diuretic
thiazide
- elderly + HF
methydopa
prego - hypertension
what are vasodilator classes
- arterial dilators (hydralazine)
- venous dilators (organic nitrates)
- combined yeahhhh
what are organic nitrates + ex
ex: GTN - short acting
increases guanylyl cyclase and cGMP
traps Ca, so lack of it occurs
DILATOR
what should you not combine w organic nitrates
PDE5 bc of severe hypotension
what are CCB’s
block Ca+
cardiac depressants
ex: dihydropyridine, phenylalkylamine
what are b-blockers
cardiac depressants
1st choice for antiangina
- dont do for variant angina
what not to combine in heart
CCBs w B-blockers
5 diuretics
- thiazides
- loop
- k-sparing
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- osmotic
what are thiazide diuretics + ex
- DCT
- decreases K and NaCl
- elderly
ex: hydrochlorothiazide
what are loop diuretics + ex
- loop of henle
- hypokalemia
- decrease NaCl
- AGGRESSIVE GRR
ex: furosemide
k-sparing + example
DCT- CD
- Na and H2O loss
- hyperkalemia
1. aldosterone antagonist: spironolactone
2. Na blocker: amiloride
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
ex: acetazolamide
- EYES glaucoma one
increase Na, K excretion
osmotic diuretic + ex
ex: mannitol
- increases osmolarity
EDEMA
alpha 1 agonist
- excitatory
- vasoDILATION
- anaphylaxis
alpha 1 antagonist
- inhibitory
- vasoCONSTRICTION
- raynaud’s
alpha 2 agonist
- inhibitory effect on SNS and PSNS
- anaphylaxis
alpha 2 antagonist
- decreased coordination SNS and PSNS
beta 1 agonist
increase heart stuff
(heart block, shock, etc)
beta 1 antagonist
decreases heart stuff
(hypertension, angina, glaucoma)
beta 2 agonist
bronchoDILATION + vasoDILATION in lungs
beta 2 antagonist
decreases smooth muscle contraction
a + b blockers
hypertension during preg
muscarinic agonists ex
methacholine (glaucoma)
muscarinic antagonist ex
atropine (pupil dilation, asthma)
non depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
- muscle can’t contract, paralysis
- Ach antagonist
ex: tubocurarine
depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
- muscle exhaustion
- Ach agonist
- short duration
ex: succinylcholine
digitalis
- inhibits Na-K-ATpase
- increase Na and Ca in cell
- narrow TI
- old ppl and renal impairment
- use for HF + tachyarrhythmia
recombinent-b natriuretic
increased Na and water loss
milrinone
PDE3 inhibitor
increase myocardial contractility
vasopressin
decreased water retention
prevents vasoconstriction
hypertension, reduce burden on heart
ex of COX inhibitor
aspirin
ADP receptor blocker ex
clopidogrel
block ADP, increase cAMP
phosphodiesterase inhibitor ex
block PDE3, increase cAMP
cilostazol
prostacyclin ex
synthetic analogue of prostacyclin
increase cAMP
carbacyclin
adenosine reuptake ex
inhibit adenosine RBC’s
increase cAMP
dipyridamole
glycoprotein 2b/3b blockers
abciximab
thromboxane inhibitors
inhibit thromboxane
heparin
unfractionated - more side effects, longer, IV/SC, inhibit 2a/10a(X)
low molecular weight: less side effects, shorter, improved pharmacokinetics, more selective inhibition of the 10a
warfarin
inhibits K
oral
makes active prothrombin
streptokinase
high risk bleeding!
direct thrombin inhibitor
decrease thrombin 2a
antidote: praxbind
direct Xa inhibitor
directly inhibit Xa
andexa - antidote
b2 adrenergic agonists
acute attacks
stim B2 receptors
short: salbutamol
long: salmeterol
anticholinergics
inhibit muscaranic recpt
inhalation
ex: ipratropium bromide
xanthines
inhibit PDE
oral
narrow TI
ex: theophyllines
mast cell stabilizers
stabilize what it says
not acute
inhalation
ex: nedocromil
decrease histamine
glucocorticoids - antiasthma
decrease mucus secretions
anti inflammatory
inhalation
ex: bexlomethasole
methotrexate
autoimmune
SIDE EFFECT GALORE
last resort
anti-IGE
inhibits IGE antibody
decrease asthma sympt
anaphylaxis
SC
SEVERE PERSISTANT ASTHMA
ex: omalizumab
leukotreome syn inhibitors
- inhibit 5-lipoxygenase enzyme
decrease leukotriene production
oral
no acute attacks
ex: zileuton
