Pre-lab sauderland leg Flashcards
loss of (blank) causes foot drop
dorsiflexion
What can cause this:
A = Loss of dorsiflexion of ankle causes footdrop.
B= Patient leans to the opposite side of the“long limb” resulting in “waddling gait.”
C = Swing-out gait: the long limb is swung out laterally
(abducted) to allow the toes to clear the ground. D = Extra flexion of the thigh is employed to to raise the foot a high as possible. Difficulties to make the heel strike the ground first.
injury to common fibular nerve
how long does it take for a nerve to regenerate?
1mm/day
What is this:
blood vessels that nourish the nerve fibers and their coverings?
vasa nervorum
what gives blood to the sciatic?
inferior gluteal
perforating arteries
popliteal artery
What happened:
can be caused by gloves or stockings, they have impaired vibration sense, foot drop, feet have burning sensation in feet (so sleep with covers off), loss of ankle jerk, walk gingerly
they have lost blood supply to their peripheral nerves
How can you get peripheral neuropathies?
diabetic, alcoholic, uremic (kidney related), drug-related, PVD (peripheral vascular disease)
At what age do the pelvic bones begin fusion at the acetabulum? At what age is this complete?
Age 15-17; Age 20-25
What is this?
Avascular necrosis of the epiphysis and femoral head, common in young boys
Legg-Perthes
When a patient claims that their “hip” is fractured, what has really occurred? How will a patient lie on the table when their hip is in pain?
damage to the femoral neck; they will lie on the “good” hip
In a total knee replacement, what ligament is often sacrificed because it ruptures within the first several months? Which ligaments can be maintained for greater stability?
ACL; PCL and collateral ligaments can be maintained
Which ligament on the lateral side of the ankle joint is most vulnerable to a tear?
anterior talofibular ligament
Pain on lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur indicates injury of the (blank)
lateral meniscus
Pain on medial rotation of the tibia on the femur indicates injury of the (blank)
medial meniscus
**most likely to be torn – 6 times more frequently injured
T/F: The medial meniscus is more likely to be torn; however, there are many contact sports cases in which only the lateral meniscus is affected.
True
What is the unhappy triad?
tear of ACL
tear of medial collateral ligament
tear of medial meniscus
What’s this:
Excessive and powerful eversion of the foot
pulls on the extremely strong medial ligament
of the ankle (deltoid ligament) and may tear off (avulse) part of the medial malleolus.
Subsequently, the talus tilts even more laterally in the everted position, shearing off the lateral malleolus or, more commonly, fracturing the fibula and avulsing the interosseous membrane.
Pott fracture-dislocation
T/F: Inversion injuries can cause fracture of the fibula
True
T/F: Eversion injuries can cause tibial and fibular fractures
True
What are the three bones that contribute to the triradiate cartilage?
ischium, pubis, ilium
At what age is the synostosis complete b.w the pubic and ischium bone?
at age 9
At what age are the three bones in the acetabulum completing fused?
20-25 years of age
What is the angle of inclination as a young child?
as an adult?
at old age?
145
126
120
What angle varies with age, sex, and development?
the angle of inclination between femoral neck and femoral shaft
What is avascular necrosis of the epiphysis and femoral head in children?
legg-perthes
Legg-Perthes disease is known to have a reduction in blood flow to the joint. The disease is theorized to include the artery of (blank) being constricted or even blocked too early, not allowing for time when the medial circumflex femoral artery takes over.”
ligmentum teres femoris
What vitamin stabilizes the cermic on polyethylene hip replacements?
vit e
In a total knee replacement what ligament is sacrificed?
the ACL (cuz it ruptures within the first several months) The PCL and collateral ligaments can be maintained for stability
A sprained ankle is nearly always an (blank) injury
inversion (lateral ligament sprain)
What are the 2 components of the lateral ankle ligament and which is most vulnerable and most commonly torn?
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
anterior talofibular (most vulnerable)
excessive and powerful (blank) of the foot may lead to fibular fracture just proximal to the lateral malleolus
inversion injury
How do you get a tear of the deltoid ligament (medial ligament)?
with an eversion injury
What are the four parts of the medial ligaments of the ankle (deltoid ligament)
posterior tibiotalar part
anterior tibiotalar part
tibiocalcaneal part
tiibionavicular part
Excessive and powerful eversion of the foot
pulls on the extremely strong medial ligament
of the ankle (deltoid ligament) and may tear off (avulse) part of the medial malleolus.
Subsequently, the talus tilts even more laterally in the everted position, shearing off the lateral malleolus or, more commonly, fracturing the fibula and avulsing the interosseous membrane.
This type of eversion injury is also known as the (blanK)
Pott Fracture-dislocation of the ankle.
