Anatomy Leg and Foot Flashcards
Name the bones of the foot from the very end of the toe upwards
phalanges-> metatarsus->cruneiformes (3) and a cuboid (near pinky toe)-> talus-> calcaneus
What is the tarsus?
its the cunieforms, cuboids, talus and calcaneus
Is the little leg bone the fibula or tibia? Is this bone lateral or medial?
the fibula
lateral
What are the muscles that pass anterior to the medial or lateral malleolus?
dorsiflexors
What are the muscles that pass posterior to the medial or lateral malleolus?
plantar flexors
How many fascial compartments are there in the leg and what are they?
four
anterior, lateral, posterior deep, and posterior superficial
What nerve, artery and vein is found in the anterior compartment of the leg?
anterior tibial artery and vein and the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
What arteries, veins and nerves are found in the posterior deep compartmet of the leg?
posterior tibial artery, vein, nerve
fibular artery and veins (peroneal)
Is the lesser saphenous vein anteriorly superifically located or posteriorly superficially located?
it is posteriorly superficially located
Where is the greater saphenous vein?
anterior medially and superficially (medial to the tibia)
Where is the soleus muscle?
it is deep to the gastrocnemius muscles
What are the four
muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
tibialis anterior muscle
extensor hallucis longus muscles
extensor digitorum longus muscle
fibularis tertius
What are the 2 muscles that make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis brevis muscle (deep to longus)
Fibularis longus muscle
What are the four muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
flexor hallucis longus muscle tibialis posterior muscles,
flexor digitorum longus muscle
Popliteus
What are the four muscles of the superficialposterior compartment of the leg?
gastrocnemius (medial belly)
gastrocnemius (lateral belly)
soleus muscle
plantaris
Superficial Pos: Planets Go around the Sun
Plantaris Gastrocnemius Soleus
What do the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris (posterior superificial muscles of the leg) function in? Which of these muscles crosses the knee joint?
plantar flexors
the gastrocnemius
What do the deep posterior compartment muscles function in (flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior and popliteus)?
all are plantar flexors and invertors
Why do the deep posterior compartment muscles also work as invertors?
because they pass posterior to the medial malleolus
What does the popliteus muscle do?
it is in the deep posterior compartment and serves to unlock the knee joint
What do the anterior compartment muscles do? (extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius (fibularis tertius))
the are extensors, dorsiflexors and the tibialis anterior is a good invertor
Which metatarsal does the fibularis tertius attach to?
What is significant about this attachment?
the base of the 5th metatarsal
it is often torn in an inversion sprain
Which metatarsal does the extensor halluis longus attach to?
the base of the first metatarsal
What are the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment and what do they function in and how do they travel?
fibularis brevis
fibularsis longus
they pass posterior to lateral malleous so they are plantar flexors and everters
(blank) wraps under the plantar aspect of the foot and forms a supportive sling with the tibialis anterior at the base of the 1st metatarsal
fibularis longus tendon