Anatomy Leg and Foot Flashcards
Name the bones of the foot from the very end of the toe upwards
phalanges-> metatarsus->cruneiformes (3) and a cuboid (near pinky toe)-> talus-> calcaneus
What is the tarsus?
its the cunieforms, cuboids, talus and calcaneus
Is the little leg bone the fibula or tibia? Is this bone lateral or medial?
the fibula
lateral
What are the muscles that pass anterior to the medial or lateral malleolus?
dorsiflexors
What are the muscles that pass posterior to the medial or lateral malleolus?
plantar flexors
How many fascial compartments are there in the leg and what are they?
four
anterior, lateral, posterior deep, and posterior superficial
What nerve, artery and vein is found in the anterior compartment of the leg?
anterior tibial artery and vein and the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
What arteries, veins and nerves are found in the posterior deep compartmet of the leg?
posterior tibial artery, vein, nerve
fibular artery and veins (peroneal)
Is the lesser saphenous vein anteriorly superifically located or posteriorly superficially located?
it is posteriorly superficially located
Where is the greater saphenous vein?
anterior medially and superficially (medial to the tibia)
Where is the soleus muscle?
it is deep to the gastrocnemius muscles
What are the four
muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
tibialis anterior muscle
extensor hallucis longus muscles
extensor digitorum longus muscle
fibularis tertius
What are the 2 muscles that make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis brevis muscle (deep to longus)
Fibularis longus muscle
What are the four muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
flexor hallucis longus muscle tibialis posterior muscles,
flexor digitorum longus muscle
Popliteus
What are the four muscles of the superficialposterior compartment of the leg?
gastrocnemius (medial belly)
gastrocnemius (lateral belly)
soleus muscle
plantaris
Superficial Pos: Planets Go around the Sun
Plantaris Gastrocnemius Soleus
What do the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris (posterior superificial muscles of the leg) function in? Which of these muscles crosses the knee joint?
plantar flexors
the gastrocnemius
What do the deep posterior compartment muscles function in (flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior and popliteus)?
all are plantar flexors and invertors
Why do the deep posterior compartment muscles also work as invertors?
because they pass posterior to the medial malleolus
What does the popliteus muscle do?
it is in the deep posterior compartment and serves to unlock the knee joint
What do the anterior compartment muscles do? (extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius (fibularis tertius))
the are extensors, dorsiflexors and the tibialis anterior is a good invertor
Which metatarsal does the fibularis tertius attach to?
What is significant about this attachment?
the base of the 5th metatarsal
it is often torn in an inversion sprain
Which metatarsal does the extensor halluis longus attach to?
the base of the first metatarsal
What are the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment and what do they function in and how do they travel?
fibularis brevis
fibularsis longus
they pass posterior to lateral malleous so they are plantar flexors and everters
(blank) wraps under the plantar aspect of the foot and forms a supportive sling with the tibialis anterior at the base of the 1st metatarsal
fibularis longus tendon
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve
What nerve innervates the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?
common fibular (peroneal) nerve
What happens to the fibular nerve in the leg?
it divides into a superficial fibular which innervates the lateral compartment and the deep fibular which innervates the anterior compartment.
What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
it innervates the anterior compartment
What does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?
it innervates the lateral compartment
Since the leg is entirely innervated by the tibial nerve and fibular nerve, what can we deduce from this?
the leg is entirely innervated by the sciatic nerve
What happens if you lose innervation to the anterior compartment of your leg?
you get foot drop
What would your gait look like if you lost innervation to the posterior compartment of the leg?
Cant push off ball of foot (plantar flexion) so you keep dorsiflexing and walk with a limp landing flat footed on the affected limb
What tendon is b/w the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles?
plantaris tendon
Can you use your gastroch at a flexed knee position?
no you cant, instead you will be using your soleus. (so when you are on those sittin calf machines you are working out your soleus)
What is the deepest muscle?
the posterior tibialis
flexor hallicus longus starts lateral and goes (blank)
medial
Flexor digitorum longus starts medial and goes (blank)
lateral
What does hallicus mean?
big toe
What movements can the ankle do?
only flex and extend
What do the joints of the ankle allow you to do?
evert (planter surface out) and invert (planter surface in)
What nerve is in the popliteal fossa?
tibial nerve (most lateral thing in there)
Which is more debilitating, losing your dosiflexion or planterflexors and why?
dorsiflexor because you will get severe foot drop so you will have steppage gait.
(blank) innervates the anterior compartment and the intrinsic foot musculature on dorsal aspect.
Deep fibular nerve
(blank) innervates lateral compartment but has cutaneous innervation at the foot.
Superficial fibular nerve
What does loss of common fibular result in and is this common?
yes it is common and you get foot rop
What supplies blood to the leg?
the superficial femoral artery
Once the superficial femoral goes into popliteal fossa what does it become?
becomes the popliteal artery
What does the popliteal artery become?
the anterior and posterior tibial in the leg
What retinacula do you find on the dorsal part of your foot?
thesuperior and inferior extensor retinacula and the peroneal retinacula (near lateral part of foot) flexor retinaculum (medial side)
What do you find under each retinaculum?
a synovial tendon sheath
Is there an extensor hood in the toes?
yes
What gives motor innervation to the foot and some cutaneous innervation between the hallux and 2nd digit of your toe?
deep fibular nerve
What gives cutaneous innervation to the top of the foot on the dorsal side of the foot?
superficial fibular nerve
What gives cutaneous innervation to the toes?
planter nerves
do you have interossei in the foot?
yes you do, you have planter interossei and dorsal interossei
What is the midline in the foot?
the 2nd digit
So which toe has two dorsal interossei?
the 2nd digit
Which finger has 2 dorsal interossei?
the middle finger
How many dorsal interossei do you have in the hand? How many palmer interossei do you have in the hand? Do you have a lumbrical to your thumb?
4
3
no
Do you have opponens in your foot?
no silly
Is the saphenous nerve a motor or cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve?
it is a cutaneous branch
The anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg and continues onto the foot as the (blank).
dorsalis pedis
Explain the blood supply of the leg
the superficial femoral turns into the popliteal behind the popliteal fossa and then splits into the anterior and tib fib trunk which results in a posterior tibial and a fibular. The anterior and posterior tibial and the fibular artery all supply particular compartments of the leg
What supplies the anterior compartment of the leg with blood?
the anterior tibial artery
What supplies the lateral posterior compartment of the leg with blood?
the posterior tibial artery and some of the fibular artery
What supplies the lateral compartment of the leg with blood?
the anterior tibial artery via perforators and the fibular artery
Where does the dorsalis pedis artery come from?
it is a continuation from the anterior tibial artery
What supplies the bottom of the foot with blood?
the posterior tibial artery branches into the medial and lateral plantar arteries which creates the plantar arch
What is significant about the the dorsalis pedis?
it makes an anastomotic connection b/w the dorsal part of the foot (anterior tibial) and the plantar part of the foot (plantar arch)
What are the 2 retinacula that are on the pinky toe side of your foot and what muscles do they cover?
the peroneal retinacula
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
What tendons does the superior and inferior extensor retinacula cover?
Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius, Tibialis anterior under it are found also the anterior tibial vessels and deep fibular nerve.
What does the flexor retinaculum hold donw?
the deep posterior compartment muscles:
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
Do you have longus or brevis in the leg?
you have longus (except for the fibularis brevis)
Do you have longus or brevis in the foot?
you have brevis in the foot (abductors and adductors do not have the word brevis)
What are the intrinsic foot muscles of the dorsal side?
extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis
What are the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot innervated by?
deep fibular nerve
The (blank) artery continues into the dorsum of th foot and becomes the dorsal pedis.
anterior tibial
What gives cutaneous innervation b/w your thumb toe and index toe on the dorsal side of your foot?
the deep fibular nerve
What gives cutaneous innervation to the dorsal part of your foot?
the superficial fibular nerve
What gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the dorsum of your foot?
lateral dorsal cutaneous
What gives cutaneous innervation to the tips of your toes on the dorsum of your foot?
the medial plantar nerve
What is the first layer of intrinsic muscles on the plantar side of your foot?
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti miimi
What is the 2nd layer of intrinsic muscles on the plantar side of your foot?
lumbricals
flexor accesorius
(blank) attaches to long tendon of flexor digitorum longus to straighten out the pull of your toes when you curl your toes so that you don’t curl your toes medially.
Flexor accesorius
What is the third layer of intrinisic muscles to the plantar side of your foot?
adductor hallucis (transverse head)
adductor hallucis (oblique head)
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi brevis
What is the fourth layer of intrinisc muscles to the plantar side of foot?
plantar and dorsal interossei
How many interossei are there?
7 There are 4 dorsal (bipennate) and 3 plantar (unipenate)
What innervates all muscles of the plantar foot muscles except for the thenar equivalets (abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis), the lumbricals to the functional midline on the medial side and the flexor digitorum brevis?
the lateral plantar nerve
What innervates the flexor digitorum brevis, the lumbricals to the functional midline on the medial side and the thenar equivalents (abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis)?
the medial plantar nerve
What is the cutaneous innervation to the plantar surface of the heel of the foot?
tibial nerve
What gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral posterior surface of the plantar surface o the foot?
the sural
What gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral surface of the plantar surface of the foot and the pinky and one half of ring finger toe?
the lateral plantar
What gives cutaneous innervation to the majority of the bottom of the foot and the first 3 and 1/2 digits?
the medial plantar
What gives cutaneous innervation to the medial posterior side of the foot?
saphenous nerve
