Anatomy Leg and Foot

Question 1

Name the bones of the foot from the very end of the toe upwards

Answer 1

phalanges-> metatarsus->cruneiformes (3) and a cuboid (near pinky toe)-> talus-> calcaneus

Question 2

What is the tarsus?

Answer 2

its the cunieforms, cuboids, talus and calcaneus

Question 3

Is the little leg bone the fibula or tibia? Is this bone lateral or medial?

Answer 3

the fibula

lateral

Question 4

What are the muscles that pass anterior to the medial or lateral malleolus?

Answer 4

dorsiflexors

Question 5

What are the muscles that pass posterior to the medial or lateral malleolus?

Answer 5

plantar flexors

Question 6

How many fascial compartments are there in the leg and what are they?

Answer 6

four

anterior, lateral, posterior deep, and posterior superficial

Question 7

What nerve, artery and vein is found in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 7

anterior tibial artery and vein and the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 8

What arteries, veins and nerves are found in the posterior deep compartmet of the leg?

Answer 8

posterior tibial artery, vein, nerve

fibular artery and veins (peroneal)

Question 9

Is the lesser saphenous vein anteriorly superifically located or posteriorly superficially located?

Answer 9

it is posteriorly superficially located

Question 10

Where is the greater saphenous vein?

Answer 10

anterior medially and superficially (medial to the tibia)

Question 11

Where is the soleus muscle?

Answer 11

it is deep to the gastrocnemius muscles

Question 12

What are the four

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 12

tibialis anterior muscle
extensor hallucis longus muscles
extensor digitorum longus muscle
fibularis tertius

Question 13

What are the 2 muscles that make up the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 13

Fibularis brevis muscle (deep to longus)

Fibularis longus muscle

Question 14

What are the four muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 14

flexor hallucis longus muscle tibialis posterior muscles,
flexor digitorum longus muscle
Popliteus

Question 15

What are the four muscles of the superficialposterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 15

gastrocnemius (medial belly)
gastrocnemius (lateral belly)
soleus muscle
plantaris

Superficial Pos: Planets Go around the Sun
Plantaris Gastrocnemius Soleus

Question 16

What do the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris (posterior superificial muscles of the leg) function in? Which of these muscles crosses the knee joint?

Answer 16

plantar flexors

the gastrocnemius

Question 17

What do the deep posterior compartment muscles function in (flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior and popliteus)?

Answer 17

all are plantar flexors and invertors

Question 18

Why do the deep posterior compartment muscles also work as invertors?

Answer 18

because they pass posterior to the medial malleolus

Question 19

What does the popliteus muscle do?

Answer 19

it is in the deep posterior compartment and serves to unlock the knee joint

Question 20

What do the anterior compartment muscles do? (extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius (fibularis tertius))

Answer 20

the are extensors, dorsiflexors and the tibialis anterior is a good invertor

Question 21

Which metatarsal does the fibularis tertius attach to?

What is significant about this attachment?

Answer 21

the base of the 5th metatarsal

it is often torn in an inversion sprain

Question 22

Which metatarsal does the extensor halluis longus attach to?

Answer 22

the base of the first metatarsal

Question 23

What are the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment and what do they function in and how do they travel?

Answer 23

fibularis brevis
fibularsis longus
they pass posterior to lateral malleous so they are plantar flexors and everters

Question 24

(blank) wraps under the plantar aspect of the foot and forms a supportive sling with the tibialis anterior at the base of the 1st metatarsal

Answer 24

fibularis longus tendon

Question 25

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 25

tibial nerve

Question 26

What nerve innervates the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?

Answer 26

common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 27

What happens to the fibular nerve in the leg?

Answer 27

it divides into a superficial fibular which innervates the lateral compartment and the deep fibular which innervates the anterior compartment.

Question 28

What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

Answer 28

it innervates the anterior compartment

Question 29

What does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

Answer 29

it innervates the lateral compartment

Question 30

Since the leg is entirely innervated by the tibial nerve and fibular nerve, what can we deduce from this?

Answer 30

the leg is entirely innervated by the sciatic nerve

Question 31

What happens if you lose innervation to the anterior compartment of your leg?

Answer 31

you get foot drop

Question 32

What would your gait look like if you lost innervation to the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 32

Cant push off ball of foot (plantar flexion) so you keep dorsiflexing and walk with a limp landing flat footed on the affected limb

Question 33

What tendon is b/w the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles?

Answer 33

plantaris tendon

Question 34

Can you use your gastroch at a flexed knee position?

Answer 34

no you cant, instead you will be using your soleus. (so when you are on those sittin calf machines you are working out your soleus)

Question 35

What is the deepest muscle?

Answer 35

the posterior tibialis

Question 36

flexor hallicus longus starts lateral and goes (blank)

Answer 36

medial

Question 37

Flexor digitorum longus starts medial and goes (blank)

Answer 37

lateral

Question 38

What does hallicus mean?

Answer 38

big toe

Question 39

What movements can the ankle do?

Answer 39

only flex and extend

Question 40

What do the joints of the ankle allow you to do?

Answer 40

evert (planter surface out) and invert (planter surface in)

Question 41

What nerve is in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 41

tibial nerve (most lateral thing in there)

Question 42

Which is more debilitating, losing your dosiflexion or planterflexors and why?

Answer 42

dorsiflexor because you will get severe foot drop so you will have steppage gait.

Question 43

(blank) innervates the anterior compartment and the intrinsic foot musculature on dorsal aspect.

Answer 43

Deep fibular nerve

Question 44

(blank) innervates lateral compartment but has cutaneous innervation at the foot.

Answer 44

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 45

What does loss of common fibular result in and is this common?

Answer 45

yes it is common and you get foot rop

Question 46

What supplies blood to the leg?

Answer 46

the superficial femoral artery

Question 47

Once the superficial femoral goes into popliteal fossa what does it become?

Answer 47

becomes the popliteal artery

Question 48

What does the popliteal artery become?

Answer 48

the anterior and posterior tibial in the leg

Question 49

What retinacula do you find on the dorsal part of your foot?

Answer 49

``` thesuperior and inferior extensor retinacula and the peroneal retinacula (near lateral part of foot) flexor retinaculum (medial side) ```

Question 50

What do you find under each retinaculum?

Answer 50

a synovial tendon sheath

Question 51

Is there an extensor hood in the toes?

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

What gives motor innervation to the foot and some cutaneous innervation between the hallux and 2nd digit of your toe?

Answer 52

deep fibular nerve

Question 53

What gives cutaneous innervation to the top of the foot on the dorsal side of the foot?

Answer 53

superficial fibular nerve

Question 54

What gives cutaneous innervation to the toes?

Answer 54

planter nerves

Question 55

do you have interossei in the foot?

Answer 55

yes you do, you have planter interossei and dorsal interossei

Question 56

What is the midline in the foot?

Answer 56

the 2nd digit

Question 57

So which toe has two dorsal interossei?

Answer 57

the 2nd digit

Question 58

Which finger has 2 dorsal interossei?

Answer 58

the middle finger

Question 59

How many dorsal interossei do you have in the hand? How many palmer interossei do you have in the hand? Do you have a lumbrical to your thumb?

Answer 59

4 3 no

Question 60

Do you have opponens in your foot?

Answer 60

no silly

Question 61

Is the saphenous nerve a motor or cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve?

Answer 61

it is a cutaneous branch

Question 62

The anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg and continues onto the foot as the (blank).

Answer 62

dorsalis pedis

Question 63

Explain the blood supply of the leg

Answer 63

the superficial femoral turns into the popliteal behind the popliteal fossa and then splits into the anterior and tib fib trunk which results in a posterior tibial and a fibular. The anterior and posterior tibial and the fibular artery all supply particular compartments of the leg

Question 64

What supplies the anterior compartment of the leg with blood?

Answer 64

the anterior tibial artery

Question 65

What supplies the lateral posterior compartment of the leg with blood?

Answer 65

the posterior tibial artery and some of the fibular artery

Question 66

What supplies the lateral compartment of the leg with blood?

Answer 66

the anterior tibial artery via perforators and the fibular artery

Question 67

Where does the dorsalis pedis artery come from?

Answer 67

it is a continuation from the anterior tibial artery

Question 68

What supplies the bottom of the foot with blood?

Answer 68

the posterior tibial artery branches into the medial and lateral plantar arteries which creates the plantar arch

Question 69

What is significant about the the dorsalis pedis?

Answer 69

it makes an anastomotic connection b/w the dorsal part of the foot (anterior tibial) and the plantar part of the foot (plantar arch)

Question 70

What are the 2 retinacula that are on the pinky toe side of your foot and what muscles do they cover?

Answer 70

the peroneal retinacula fibularis longus fibularis brevis

Question 71

What tendons does the superior and inferior extensor retinacula cover?

Answer 71

``` Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius, Tibialis anterior under it are found also the anterior tibial vessels and deep fibular nerve. ```

Question 72

What does the flexor retinaculum hold donw?

Answer 72

the deep posterior compartment muscles: tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus

Question 73

Do you have longus or brevis in the leg?

Answer 73

you have longus (except for the fibularis brevis)

Question 74

Do you have longus or brevis in the foot?

Answer 74

you have brevis in the foot (abductors and adductors do not have the word brevis)

Question 75

What are the intrinsic foot muscles of the dorsal side?

Answer 75

extensor hallucis brevis | extensor digitorum brevis

Question 76

What are the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot innervated by?

Answer 76

deep fibular nerve

Question 77

The (blank) artery continues into the dorsum of th foot and becomes the dorsal pedis.

Answer 77

anterior tibial

Question 78

What gives cutaneous innervation b/w your thumb toe and index toe on the dorsal side of your foot?

Answer 78

the deep fibular nerve

Question 79

What gives cutaneous innervation to the dorsal part of your foot?

Answer 79

the superficial fibular nerve

Question 80

What gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the dorsum of your foot?

Answer 80

lateral dorsal cutaneous

Question 81

What gives cutaneous innervation to the tips of your toes on the dorsum of your foot?

Answer 81

the medial plantar nerve

Question 82

What is the first layer of intrinsic muscles on the plantar side of your foot?

Answer 82

abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti miimi

Question 83

What is the 2nd layer of intrinsic muscles on the plantar side of your foot?

Answer 83

lumbricals | flexor accesorius

Question 84

(blank) attaches to long tendon of flexor digitorum longus to straighten out the pull of your toes when you curl your toes so that you don’t curl your toes medially.

Answer 84

Flexor accesorius

Question 85

What is the third layer of intrinisic muscles to the plantar side of your foot?

Answer 85

adductor hallucis (transverse head) adductor hallucis (oblique head) flexor hallucis brevis flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 86

What is the fourth layer of intrinisc muscles to the plantar side of foot?

Answer 86

plantar and dorsal interossei

Question 87

How many interossei are there?

Answer 87

7 There are 4 dorsal (bipennate) and 3 plantar (unipenate)

Question 88

What innervates all muscles of the plantar foot muscles except for the thenar equivalets (abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis), the lumbricals to the functional midline on the medial side and the flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 88

the lateral plantar nerve

Question 89

What innervates the flexor digitorum brevis, the lumbricals to the functional midline on the medial side and the thenar equivalents (abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis)?

Answer 89

the medial plantar nerve

Question 90

What is the cutaneous innervation to the plantar surface of the heel of the foot?

Answer 90

tibial nerve

Question 91

What gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral posterior surface of the plantar surface o the foot?

Answer 91

the sural

Question 92

What gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral surface of the plantar surface of the foot and the pinky and one half of ring finger toe?

Answer 92

the lateral plantar

Question 93

What gives cutaneous innervation to the majority of the bottom of the foot and the first 3 and 1/2 digits?

Answer 93

the medial plantar

Question 94

What gives cutaneous innervation to the medial posterior side of the foot?

Answer 94

saphenous nerve