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Drugs and Disease > Pre-Lab Lecture > Flashcards

Pre-Lab Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone do muscarinic receptors respond to?

A

Acetylchloine

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2
Q

What are muscarinic receptors?

A

Histamine receptors

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3
Q

What physiological solution is used in an organ bath?

A

Krebs Tyrode Solution

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4
Q

Why is Kerbs Tyrode Solution used?

A

Because it contains lots of ions among them are the calcium ions which cause contraction

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5
Q

The organ bath is kept in a water jacket. To what degree is this heated?

A

37 degrees

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6
Q

A thread is threaded through the gut to sense contraction; what piece of apparatus is this attached to?

A

A transducer

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7
Q

What does a transducer do?

A

Measures the amount of pull on the thread and turns into into a signal which is displayed on a computer

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8
Q

The display produces a peak if the muscle has contracted; what causes the rise of the peak and what causes the fall?

A

The drug being added causes the rise and the drug being washed out causes the fall

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9
Q

In order to work out the concentration of acetylchlone in the organ bath what three pieces of information do you need?

A

The total volume in the organ bath
The concentration of acetylchlone added
The dose (volume) of acetylcholine added

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10
Q

What is the EC50?

A

The concentration of a drug/agonist required to produce half the maximum response

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11
Q

What is the definition of a full agonist?

A

An agonist that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce full efficacy at that receptor

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12
Q

What is the definition of a partial agonist?

A

An agonist that binds to a receptor but only has partial efficacy even if all the receptors are occupied - the maximum response is less than that we know the tissue can produce

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13
Q

How does a reversible antagonist bind to a receptor?

A

With weak non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions etc.

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14
Q

How does an irreversible antagonist bind to a receptor?

A

With strong covalent bonds

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15
Q

How would you overcome the effects of a reversible antagonist?

A

Increasing the concentration of the agonist means there is more chance the receptor qill bind ith an agonist rather than the antagonist

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16
Q

What is the EC50?

A

The MOLAR concentration of a drug/agonist required to produce half the maximum response

17
Q

How would you overcome the effects of a reversible antagonist?

A

Increasing the concentration of the agonist means there is more chance the receptor will bind with an agonist rather than the antagonist

18
Q

How would you overcome the effects of an irreversible antagonist?

A

You cant - increasing the concentration of agonist will not affect it and neither will washing it out

19
Q

What is meant by a competive antagonist?

A

One who competes for the same binding site as the agonist

20
Q

What does the dose of a drug refer to?

A

The volume added

21
Q

What does a concentration response curve show?

A

The relationship between the log of the concentration of an agonist and the response produced

22
Q

What is the potency of a drug?

A

A measure of the concentration of a drug at which its effective/what concentration of a drug is required to give a certain response

23
Q

What is the affinity of a drug?

A

The strength of interaction between the ligand and the receptor

24
Q

If you had a drug with a high potency would you expect the EC50 to be low or high and why?

A

The higher the potency = the lower the EC50 because the higher the potency means the less concentration you need to get a particular response so therefore the concentration you need to get a half response (EC50) will be lower

25
Q

What is the efficacy?

A

How good is the drug-receptor complex is at stimulating the response

26
Q

If a drug has no efficacy what is it?

A

An antagonist - blocks the receptor from producing a response

27
Q

In order to plot the concentration-response curve you must convert the molar concentration into log. How is this done?

A

Log (concentration)

28
Q

How would you convert the log of a concentration back into the molar concentration?

A

Inverse log (log concentration)

Drugs and Disease (15 decks)

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