Pre-Lab 2 + Exam 3 - Weeks 5+6

Question 1

Which two muscles that we covered could be considered muscles of mastication?

Answer 1

Temporalis and Masseter

Question 2

What is the only DIRECT source of energy for muscle fiber contraction?

Answer 2

ATP

other fuels may be used to re-load ATP, but none are used directly by the fibers

Question 3

One difference between the types of skeletal muscle fibers in the body is that some appear “red” and others “white”. The dark red color of these fibers is due to the presence of what substance?

Answer 3

myoglobin - similar to hemoglobin found in RBC’s

Question 4

subunit (organelle) of fibers that consists of different types of filaments

Answer 4

myofibril

Question 5

primarily composed of a protein called actin

Answer 5

thin filaments

Question 6

“blocking” protein associated with thin myofilaments

Answer 6

tropomyosin

Question 7

consists of a protein called myosin

Answer 7

thick filaments

Question 8

a muscle cell

Answer 8

muscles fiber

Question 9

section of overlapping filaments

Answer 9

sarcomere

Question 10

Breaking glucose apart to get energy for muscle contraction without using oxygen is referred to as

Answer 10

anaerobic glycolysis

Question 11

The name for a broad “sheet-like” tendon is a/an:

Answer 11

aponeurosis

Question 12

movement of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 12

F, LF, and rotation of head

Question 13

movement of the splenius group

Answer 13

extension of the head/neck only

Question 14

movement of the erector spine group

Answer 14

extension of the trunk

Question 15

movement of the rectus abdominis

Answer 15

flexion of the trunk only

Question 16

movement of the quadrates lumborum

Answer 16

elevation of the ilium

Question 17

movement of the internal oblique

Answer 17

flexion
lateral flexion
rotation of the trunk

Question 18

What is the name of the extension of deep fascia that surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers (fascicles)?

Answer 18

perimysium

Question 19

According to your text, which type of muscle tissue has the greatest capacity for regeneration?

Answer 19

smooth

Question 20

characteristics of muscle tissue

Answer 20

contractility - ability to actively shorten

extensibility - ability to stretch or lengthen

elasticity - ability to return to tis original shop after shortening or stretching

excitability -ability to respond to simuli by producing and conducting action potentials (nervous tissue can also do this)

Question 21

Muscles that relax to allow contraction of opposing muscles are known as:

Answer 21

antagonists

Question 22

The technical name for excessive muscle tone, characterized by muscle stiffness is (BLANK).

Answer 22

hypertonia

Question 23

What term (characteristic) of muscle tissue refers to its ability to return to its original shape after stretching?

Answer 23

elasticity

Question 24

Which type of muscle tissue striated and involuntary?

Answer 24

cardiac

Question 25

Which of the following directly surrounds individual muscle fibers?

periosteum
epimysium
endomysium
perimysium

Answer 25

endomysium

Question 26

Thin myofilaments are composed primarily of which protein?

Answer 26

actin

Question 27

Which chemical is released by neurons into neuromuscular junctions?

Answer 27

Acetylcholine

Question 28

What mineral was released from storage in muscle to “unblock” the thin myofilaments?

Answer 28

Calcium

Question 29

The energy to contract or relax muscles comes directly from what source?

Answer 29

ATP

Question 30

Aerobic vs Anaerobic

1. primary pathway for low intensity, endurance activity?
2. waste products are water and CO2
3. more readily available
4. more efficient at producing energy

5.proceeds by glycolysis

Answer 30

1. aerobic
2. aerobic
3. anaerobic
4. aerobic
5. anaerobic

Question 31

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while contracting is:

Answer 31

eccentric

Question 32

According to the course materials on Moodle (not an internet search) the most likely cause of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is:

Answer 32

muscle fiber damage

Question 33

Which subtype of skeletal muscle fiber is the thickest, most powerful and “white”?

Answer 33

fast glycolytic

Question 34

riefly describe a difference between tendons and ligaments.

Answer 34

Ligaments always connect bone to bone and tendons connect muscle to something else (which could be a bone but doesn’t have to be)

Question 35

The type of contraction exemplified by maintaining posture is:

Answer 35

static

Question 36

If well-nourished, which possible source of energy for muscle contraction is likely to be “spared” for other uses in the body?

Answer 36

amino acids

Question 37

In response to exercise, muscle fibers often experience (BLANK) as myofilaments and enzymes are added to exisiting fibers.

Answer 37

hypertrophy

Question 38

The principal movement produced by contraction of the masseter is:

Answer 38

elevation

Question 39

Which muscle/group is best at producing flexion of the head?

Answer 39

SCM

Question 40

Which muscle is best at producing rotation of the trunk?

internal oblique
rectus abdominis
SCM
Quadratus lumborum

Answer 40

internal obliques

Question 41

The erector spinae group consists of individual muscles that are good at producing all of these movements EXCEPT:

extension
flexion
lateral flexion
rotation

Answer 41

flexion

none of the muscles are anterior to the spine, none are good at flexion

Question 42

Which muscle did we cover that laterally flexed the trunk and elevated each ilium when walking?

Answer 42

Quadratus lumborum