Pre-Lab 2 + Exam 3 - Weeks 5+6 Flashcards
Which two muscles that we covered could be considered muscles of mastication?
Temporalis and Masseter
What is the only DIRECT source of energy for muscle fiber contraction?
ATP
other fuels may be used to re-load ATP, but none are used directly by the fibers
One difference between the types of skeletal muscle fibers in the body is that some appear “red” and others “white”. The dark red color of these fibers is due to the presence of what substance?
myoglobin - similar to hemoglobin found in RBC’s
subunit (organelle) of fibers that consists of different types of filaments
myofibril
primarily composed of a protein called actin
thin filaments
“blocking” protein associated with thin myofilaments
tropomyosin
consists of a protein called myosin
thick filaments
a muscle cell
muscles fiber
section of overlapping filaments
sarcomere
Breaking glucose apart to get energy for muscle contraction without using oxygen is referred to as
anaerobic glycolysis
The name for a broad “sheet-like” tendon is a/an:
aponeurosis
movement of the sternocleidomastoid
F, LF, and rotation of head
movement of the splenius group
extension of the head/neck only
movement of the erector spine group
extension of the trunk
movement of the rectus abdominis
flexion of the trunk only
movement of the quadrates lumborum
elevation of the ilium
movement of the internal oblique
flexion
lateral flexion
rotation of the trunk
What is the name of the extension of deep fascia that surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers (fascicles)?
perimysium
According to your text, which type of muscle tissue has the greatest capacity for regeneration?
smooth
characteristics of muscle tissue
contractility - ability to actively shorten
extensibility - ability to stretch or lengthen
elasticity - ability to return to tis original shop after shortening or stretching
excitability -ability to respond to simuli by producing and conducting action potentials (nervous tissue can also do this)
Muscles that relax to allow contraction of opposing muscles are known as:
antagonists
The technical name for excessive muscle tone, characterized by muscle stiffness is (BLANK).
hypertonia
What term (characteristic) of muscle tissue refers to its ability to return to its original shape after stretching?
elasticity
Which type of muscle tissue striated and involuntary?
cardiac
Which of the following directly surrounds individual muscle fibers?
periosteum
epimysium
endomysium
perimysium
endomysium
Thin myofilaments are composed primarily of which protein?
actin
Which chemical is released by neurons into neuromuscular junctions?
Acetylcholine
What mineral was released from storage in muscle to “unblock” the thin myofilaments?
Calcium
The energy to contract or relax muscles comes directly from what source?
ATP
Aerobic vs Anaerobic
- primary pathway for low intensity, endurance activity?
- waste products are water and CO2
- more readily available
- more efficient at producing energy
5.proceeds by glycolysis
- aerobic
- aerobic
- anaerobic
- aerobic
- anaerobic
A type of muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while contracting is:
eccentric
According to the course materials on Moodle (not an internet search) the most likely cause of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is:
muscle fiber damage
Which subtype of skeletal muscle fiber is the thickest, most powerful and “white”?
fast glycolytic
riefly describe a difference between tendons and ligaments.
Ligaments always connect bone to bone and tendons connect muscle to something else (which could be a bone but doesn’t have to be)
The type of contraction exemplified by maintaining posture is:
static
If well-nourished, which possible source of energy for muscle contraction is likely to be “spared” for other uses in the body?
amino acids
In response to exercise, muscle fibers often experience (BLANK) as myofilaments and enzymes are added to exisiting fibers.
hypertrophy
The principal movement produced by contraction of the masseter is:
elevation
Which muscle/group is best at producing flexion of the head?
SCM
Which muscle is best at producing rotation of the trunk?
internal oblique
rectus abdominis
SCM
Quadratus lumborum
internal obliques
The erector spinae group consists of individual muscles that are good at producing all of these movements EXCEPT:
extension
flexion
lateral flexion
rotation
flexion
none of the muscles are anterior to the spine, none are good at flexion
Which muscle did we cover that laterally flexed the trunk and elevated each ilium when walking?
Quadratus lumborum
