Pre-Ass Flashcards
Which activity is an example of a PH policy intervention?
-Research the effectiveness of a new tx
-Conducting research on the effectiveness of medical tx
-Regulating the advertising of alcohol
-Admin medication to an individual pt
Regulating the advertising of alcohol
What is the goal of health equity efforts in PH?
-Increasing the distribution of healthcare facilities across the county
-Ensuring the equal tx of pt within the healthcare setting
-Ensuring the financial profitability of a healthy, thriving community
-Ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to reach their full health potentials
Ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to reach their fuill health potentials
What is a primary focus of tertiary prevention?
-Stopping the spread of infectious disease
-Detecting diseases early through screening
-Managing the negative impact of an established disease
-encouraging health behavior in a population
Managing the negative impact of an establish disease
What is an example of secondary disease prevention?
-Monitoring BP following a new hypertension dx
-Wearing a mask in a crowded areas to avoid the spread of illness
-banning the use of a hazardous chemical in a community
-Attending support groups for managing chronic pain
Monitoring bp following a new HTN dx
Which activity is an example of tertiary prevention?
-Vaccination programs
-Health education about a balanced diet
-Screening for breast CA
-Rehab for CVA pts
Rehab for CVA pts
What was a common practice in the Industrial Rev to prevent the spread of infection?
-Widespread vaccination
-Abx tx
-Sanitation and hygiene measures
-Leech Therapy
Sanitation and hygiene measures
What is a characteristic of a centeralized PH structure?
-Decision-making authority is delegated
-Health policies and programs are determined by the state gov
-Funding for PH initiatives is primarily obtained from private sources
-Collaboration between different levels of gov is limited
Health policies and programs are determined by the state gov
In which era was vaccination introduced as a PH measured?
-The Enlightenment
-The Middle Ages
-The Industrial Rev
-The Renaissance
The Enlightenment
What was a measure used to combat bubonic plague in the Middle Ages?
-Abx
-Centralized healthcare system
-Reg food prep and sales
-Vaccines
Reg food prep and sales
In which era were public hospitals first est?
-Ancient Greece and Rome
-Middle Ages
-Renaissance
-Indust Rev
Ancient Greece and Rome
After identifying a high rate of childhood obesity in a community, a PH agency assisted local schools with implementing physical activity and nutrition ed.
Which essential PH services does this illustrate?
-legal and reg actions designed to improve and protect the PH
-Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve health
-Assess and monitor pop health status, factors that influence health, and community needs and assets
-Bjuid and support a diverse and skilled PH workforce
Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve health
What role does the NIH play in the field of medicine?
-federal agency responsible for responding to PH emergencies
-certifying MDs in the US
-Funder of medical research in the US
-Enforcing healthcare laws in the US
Funder of medical research in the US
What does the policy development core fx of PH include?
-Maintain partnerships with community to address health issues
-Linking people to needed personal health services
-Eval the quality and effectiveness fo pH services
-Training healthcare professionals
Maintain partnerships with community to address health issues
Which activity is an example of the policy dev core fx in PH?
-Funding a new community center
-Collecting data about foodborne illness
-offering classes for healthcare workforce on proper vaccination
-Drafting safety reg for hazardous chem use
Drafting safety reg for hazardous chem use
Which activity is included in the essential PH service of assuring an effective system that enable equitable access to care?
-conducting health research
-developing health policies
-providing referrals for healthcare services
-Enforcing health and safety regs
Providing referrals for healthcare services
What is a primary tool for preventing communicable disease?
-Reg exercise
-low-fat diet
-vaccination
-social connections
Vaccinations
Which type of risk does the Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the future primary focus on?
-financial risks in healthcare
-risk associated with non-comm disease
-Enviro health risks
-risk from infectious disease and global health emergency
Risk from infectious disease and global health emergencies
What is the significance of Koch’s postulates in PH?
-determined the chemical structure of contaminants
-framework for est the cause of infectious disease
-genetic engineering tech
-protocol for reporting health emergencies to the public
Framework for establishing the cause of infectious diseases.
What is an example of a perceived barrier to an individual adhering to a prescribed medication regimen for BP, according to the Health Belief Model (HBM)?
-individual’s belief in the necessity of the med to control BP
-Individual recognition of the risks of uncontrolled high BP
-side effects experienced from the rx
-individual’s knowledge of how the meds works to lower BP
The side effects experienced from the rx
What would someone in the prep stage of changing a health behavior say, according to the Stage of Change model?
-I have no desire to return to my old behavior
-I recognize the problem and want to work on it soon
-I don’t see why I need to change
-I’ve been working hard to continue my new behavior
I recognize the problem and want to work on it soon
What is the concept of reciprocal determinism in social cog theory?
-Behavior is determined solely by the enviro in which a person lives
-Behavior is primarily determined by genetics and other bio factors
-Behavior, person factors, and enviro factors interact to determine behavior
-Behavior is subjective, and its meaning depends on who is obs the behavior
Behavior, person factors, and enviro factors interact to determine behavior
What do individuals do in the contemplation stage?
-They start to take action to change
-They do no yet believe in the need for change
-They begin to think about changing in the near future.
-They are avoiding relapse to the old behavior
They begin to think about changing in the near future
In which stage of change does an individual start to take small steps toward behavior change?
-Preparation
-Preconrtemplation
-Maintenance
-Termination
Preparation
Salmonella bacteria occurred when customer of a restaurant consumed contaminated food that was improperly stored and handled.
What is the agent within the epid triangle?
-Contaminated food
-Salmonella bacteria
-The customers
-the kitchen
Salmonella bacteria
According to which characteristic is a pathogen’s pathogenicity determined?
-Mutate rapidly
-cause disease
-spread to multiple hosts
-survive outside a host
Cause disease
What is a pathogen’s infectivity a measure of?
-cause severe disease
-establish itself within a host
-reproduce outside of a host
-resist tx
Establish itself within a host
What does the term virulence refer to?
-pathogen to spread from one host to another
-to cause damage or disease in a host
-host to resist a pathogen
-vaccine to protect against a pathogen
to cause damage or disease in a host
What does Section 361 of the Commerce Clause of the US Constitution allow the federal go to do?
-reg rx
-establish federal healthcare facilities
-prevent the spread of comm disease across state line
-Oversee medical ed standards
Prevent the spread of comm disease across state lines
What is an example of Syndromic surveillance in PH?
-monitoring sales of OTC stomach rx and detect potential flu outbreak
-conducting door-to-door survey to assess the prevalence of a chronic dx in a community
-collecting lab data to calculate the # of confirmed cases of the salmonella in a specific area
-reporting cases of dx infectious disease to local and federal health authorities
Monitoring sales of OTC stomach medicines to detect potential flu outbreaks
What is an example of active surveillance in PH?
-PH nurses visit local shelters to screen individuals for hep A
-Drug manufacturers track complaints received from consumers about med side effects
-Hospital report foodborne illness cases to the CDC
-Doctors document CA dx in medical records linked to national CA reg.
PH nurses visit lcoal shelters to screen for Hep A
What is a primary purpose of the Epid Triangle?
-classify diseases based on their severeity and transmission routes
-track the spread of disease in real-time and predict future outbreaks
-identify individuals or groups most vulnerable to specific diseases
-provide info that can help disrupt the occurrence or spread of disease
Provide info that can help disrupt the occurrence or spread of disease
How can the enviro in the Epid Triangle affect disease transmission?
-Antigenicity of a bacteria
-Strength of a vaccine
-Genetic makeup of the patient
-Access to healthcare
Access to healthcare
A state agency is creating a communication plan for a campaign promoting childhood immunizations
What is the first step in completing the comm plan?
-Est a timeline for PH communication activities
-Define the communication objective of the campaign
-Describe the key messages of the campaign
-Provide a detailed description of the state agency
Define the communication objective fo the campaign
What is an important component of a press release?
-illustrations and photos
-attention-grabbing headline
-page #
-personal bio
Attention-grabbing headlines
Food handling
which statement describes effective use of key messages for this campaign?
-the key message outline step-by-step instructions for handling food safely
-key messages are written to appeal to experts on foodborne illnesses and food handling policy
-key messages clearly and concisely state the importance of knowing how to handle food safely
-key messages include detailed descripitions of the symptoms and effects of foodborne illnesses
key message clearly and concisely state the importance of knowing how to handle food safely
