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1. CC 1 > Pre-analytical phase in chemistry assay > Flashcards

Pre-analytical phase in chemistry assay Flashcards

1
Q

determine and address the root cause problem identified by QC and QA.

A

Quality improvement (QI)

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2
Q

The application of this in the clinical laboratory is identification of problem with a process that likely to cause error.

A

Quality improvement (QI)

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3
Q

work to eliminate the waste, such as streamlining a process to reduce wait times or modifying a process to reduce cost

A

Lean principles

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3
Q

These are business philosophy and methodologies focusing on improving quality of products or services.

A
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4
Q

The Six Sigma business strategy was developed by

A

Motorola, Inc.

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5
Q

Lean principles

A

Defects
overproduction
waiting
unused talent
transportation
inventory
motion
extra-processing

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5
Q

It seeks to improve the performance of a process by identifying and eliminating causes of defects and errors, resulting in eliminating variation in the process.

A

Lean Six sigma ( σ )

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6
Q

Simplification of the process to reduce cycle time (turn around time) and by eliminating non-value adding steps.
Eliminates waste.

A

Lean principles

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7
Q

refers to the number of SDs from the mean.

A

6 sigma

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8
Q

It is the capability of process to meet or exceed the process specification or requirements.
Identifies and eliminates error and defects to minimize variations in the process.

A

6 sigma

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9
Q

Lean Six sigma ( σ ) problem-solving methodology

A

DMAIC- define, measure, analyze, improve and control

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10
Q

identify who use the services and expectations, different persons responsible in generating the service and mapping the laboratory work flow.

A

Define

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11
Q

creating solutions to prevent errors from reoccurring.

A

improve

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11
Q

data collection. determining the turn around time and defects in a certain test. It also includes surveys using the process.

A

measure

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12
Q

data collected examination to identify the root cause of errors

A

analyze

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13
Q

Lean 6 sigma levels of training to denote expertise

A

master black belt
black belt
green belt
yellow belt

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13
Q

long term monitoring of the process over time.

A

control

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14
Q

with a minimum 2 years experience, able teach lean 6 sigma.

A

Master black belt-

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15
Q

full time project leader

A

Black belt-

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16
Q

focus on the use of DMAIC and lean principles.

A

Green belt-

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17
Q

awareness of the lean 6 sigma

A

Yellow belt-

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18
Q

Nothing to eat or drink except water for at least 8 hours.

A

Fasting

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19
Q

Fasting hours for blood glucose

A

8-12 hours, should not exceed more than 16 hours

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20
Q

Fasting hours for lipid profile

A

12-14 hours

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21
Q

Fasting is preferred collected in the?

A

Early in the morning

22
Q

Patient preparation for fasting (chemistry tests)

A

Fasting blood sugar
Oral glucose tolerance test
Lipid profile test
Gastrin
Inulin
Aldosterone/Renin

23
Q

Increase:
lactate, fatty acid, ammonia, CK, LD, testosterone, LH, urine protein

Decrease:
Cholesterol, TAG, FSH and LH

A

Exercise

24
Q

Serotonin rich food

A

banana, pineapple, tomato and avocado

25
Q

Caffeine increases?

A

increases glucose and catecholamine

26
Q

Fatty food increases

A

potassium, ALT, TAG

27
Q

High protein, low carb diet increase?

A

ketone in urine (ketonuria)

28
Q

Increase
Glucose, cholesterol, TAG, cortisol, growth hormone, catecholamine.

Decrease
Vitamin B12

A

Smoking

29
Q

Increase
TAG and gamma glutamyl transferase

Decrease
Glucose

A

Alcohol

30
Q

Increase
Glucose Cortisol Insulin Albumin Catecholamine
Prolactin

A

Stress/Anxiety

31
Q

plasma volume reduction

A

From supine to sitting/standing

32
Q

causes hemoconcentration (increase lipids decrease K and Cl).

A

From sitting to supine

33
Q

causes hemodilution

A

Standing to supine

34
Q

Factors in physiologic variations

A

age
gender
diurnal variation
posture
activity
stress
race

34
Q

decrease plasma albumin

A

Prolong bed rest

35
Q

Diurnal variation-high in the morning

A

ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone

36
Q

Diurnal variation high in the evening

A

GH, PTH, TSH, ACP

37
Q

increase albumin, K and Ca when standing,

A

Posture

38
Q

Sites to be avoided

A

IV in both arms
Burned or scarred areas
Hematoma
Thrombosed veins
Edematous arm
Area of mastectomy
Arms with fistula
Cast on arms

39
Q

Evacuated tube system additive
red (glass)
red (plastic)
red/black gold
green/gray
orange or gray yellow
tan (glass and plastic)
lavender or pink
Light blue
Yellow

A

none
clot activator
clot activator and gel seperator
lithium heparin and gel seperator
thrombin
Na heparin and EDTA
EDTA
Na citrate
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

40
Q

Specimen collection things to consider/avoid

A

Hemolyzed sample
pumping of fist during extraction
IV fluid contamination
Wrong evacuated tube
exposure to light
inadequate centriguation
delay seperation of serum
storage temperature

41
Q

mostly interfere with spectrophotometric analysis.

A

hemolyzed sample-

42
Q

decrease bilirubin.

A

Exposure to light-

42
Q

Types of specimen in CC

A

Whole blood
Serum- most common
Plasma
Arterial blood
Capillary blood
Urine
CSF
Synovial, Pleural, pericardial and peritoneal fluid
Amniotic fluid

43
Q

additive - enhances the clotting of blood, e.g., thrombin, silica particles and diatomite.

A

Clot activators

44
Q

additive - an inert particle found at the bottom of the tube. forms a physical barrier between packed cells and liquid portion after centrifugation.

A

gel separator

45
Q

Red or pink serum

A

Hemolysis

46
Q

Contain bilirubin (430 mmol/L)

A

Icteric sample

47
Q

Yellow to orange serum/plasma

A

Icteric sample

48
Q

Milky serum

A

Lipemic sample

49
Q

Contains serum TG exceeding 300 mg/dl.

A

Lipemic sample

50
Q

For serum collection allow clot formation for

A

10-30 minutes

51
Q

All assay should be performed within

A

1 hour after collection.

52
Q

Centrifugation: 3000 RCF for

A

10 minutes.

53
Q

Serum is separated from clot within

A

30 minutes.

54
Q

Serum or plasma must be stored at __.if test is to be delayed. Can be freeze at __ for longer storage

A

4°C – 6 °C
−20°C

55
Q
A
56
Q
A

1. CC 1 (6 decks)

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