Prblem

Question 1

Directed thinking towards a goal solution-the task is to choose the best process that will lead to a goal

Answer 1

Problem solving

Question 2

1st psychological studies by Wolfgang Kohler

Answer 2

insightful learning

Question 3

Four Characteristics of problem solving

Answer 3

➢Problem solving is directed
➢It involves a series of operations
➢It involves cognitive processes
➢It involves sub-goal decomposition

Question 4

3 Steps in Problem Solving

Answer 4

➢Representing or defining exactly what the problem is to solve
➢Generating possible ways of solving the problem and choosing the best solution
➢Evaluating the solution-is it the best solution?

Question 5

a mathematical formula or other procedure that guarantees a correct solution if followed correctly.

Answer 5

Use of algorithms

Question 6

choosing a strategy that looks like it will work and trying it

Answer 6

Heuristics

Question 7

Types of Heuristics

Answer 7

1. Hill climbing heuristics
2. Means-ends analysis
3. Working Backwards

Question 8

follow the route that seems to get you closer to the goal- always move toward the goal

Answer 8

Hill climbing heuristics

Question 9

compare the current situation to the end goal. Ask what means do I have to get from here to there? Involves the development of sub-goals

Answer 9

Means-ends analysis

Question 10

start at the goal and determine what is the last step to the goal then the second to the last.

Answer 10

Working Backwards

Question 11

identifying the relationship between two concepts or two problems to solve - recognizing that a new problem has similar beginning situation and end goal as an early problem so you try the same solution

Answer 11

Analogies

Question 12

Reading material without fully understanding the material

-reading the material too fast

-missing words or misreading words because you are not reading completely

-failing to reread difficult passages

Answer 12

Inaccuracies in reading

Question 13

placing more importance on speed or ease of obtaining an answer rather than accuracy

-not being careful to perform needed operations accurately -being inconsistent in the way problems are interpreted and solved

Answer 13

Inaccuracy in thinking

Question 14

making a weak attempt to solve the problem-lack of confidence? -choosing an answer quickly because it looked or felt right instead of fully analyzing the problem

-jumping to a conclusion halfway through the process

Answer 14

Lack of perseverance

Question 15

It is a cognitive activity that results in a new or novel way of viewing a problem or situation ➢Involves the ability to avoid the raps of problem solving:

Answer 15

creativity

Question 16

The 4 Stage Model of Creativity

Answer 16

STAGE 1: PREPARATION
STAGE 2: INCUBATION
STAGE 3: ILLUMINATION
STAGE 4: VERIFICATION

Question 17

the elements of the problem are examined and their interrelations are studied

Answer 17

STAGE 1: PREPARATION

Question 18

You “sleep on the problem”. Sleep disengages your conscious mind, allowing the unconscious mind to work on a problem freely

Answer 18

STAGE 2: INCUBATION

Question 19

A solution or a path toward the solution emerges

Answer 19

STAGE 3: ILLUMINATION

Question 20

The inspired solution is checked against the desired result

Answer 20

STAGE 4: VERIFICATION

Question 21

The brain stores information according to a scheme of categories or classes and uses those memory structures to retrieve information when queried

Answer 21

Information Processing AndComputational Modelling

Question 22

Creative Thinking Methods

Answer 22

Sensitivity
Fluency
Flexibility
Originality

Question 23

the ability to recognize that a problem exists

Answer 23

Sensitivity

Question 24

the ability to produce a large number of alternative solutions to a problem

Answer 24

Fluency

Question 25

the ability to develop a wide range of approaches to a problem

Answer 25

Flexibility

Question 26

the ability to produce original solutions to a problem

Answer 26

Originality