Pragmatics Flashcards
Metaphor.
A figure of speech. ‘Skeletons in my closet – there are dark things in my past’.
Similie.
A comparison between two or more items. ‘The mountain looked like the open maw of a shark, split down the centre.’
Personification.
Making an inanimate object attain human qualities. ‘The sky cried heavy tears.’
Anthropomorphism.
Giving human qualities to animals.
Hyperbole.
Exaggerated statements.
Sub-texts.
Underlying themes in literature or speech.
Shared understanding.
An understanding between two or more people/readers about the context of a situation.
Allusion.
A passing reference to something, without directly speaking about it.
Cultural assumptions.
Assumptions based on other opinions about a culture - all Muslims are terrorists, all British people speak in an RP accent.
Which Maxim is it when one provides too much information?
Grice’s Maxim of Quantity.
Which Maxim is it when one speaks about something without any link to what has previously been said?
Grice’s Maxim of Relevance.
Which Maxim is it when one is rude or unpleasant in their response?
Grice’s Maxim of Manner.
Which Maxim is it when one is not coherent in their answer or providence?
Grice’s Maxim of Quality.
The desire to be liked, e.g ‘Good, thanks’. Which politeness is this?
Positive Politeness.
Straight to the point, e.g ‘Get out.’ Which politeness is this?
Bald on Record.
Indirect sentences, e.g ‘It would be really nice if you could …’ Which politeness is this?
Off the Record.
Being overly polite, e.g ‘Would it at all be possible if you could quite kindly …’ Which politeness is this?
Negative Politeness.
Back-channeling.
A false start, going back and re-starting.
Which two terms fit into the Accomodation Theory?
Covergence and Divergence.
Convergence.
Moving the way you speak around people towards their idiolect, often in an attempt to seem more familiar and to be liked.
Divergence.
Moving the way you speak around people away from their idiolect, often in an attempt to seem more superior.
Name the four purposes of a transcript.
Referential, Expressive, Transactional, Interactional.
Referential.
Giving information.
Expressive.
Feelings/emotions.
Interactional.
Between friends/people.
Transactional.
Getting things done.
Litotes.
Understatements - often by negating the opposite - ‘The icecream wasn’t bad.’
Chiarmus.
Two parallel phrases - ‘He went in, out went she’.
Interlocutors.
Audience of a transcript.
