A2 Theories (LANGUAGE CHANGE)

Question 1

The S…. - W…. Hypothesis :

1) Linguistic relativity – cultures see the world differently and use language to encode the difference
2) Linguistic determinism – the way we perceive the world influences not only our language but the way we think.

Answer 1

Sapir Whorf Hypothesis.

Question 2

Name the two elements to the Sapir Whorf Hypothesis (hint: Linguistic R – and Linguistic D –)

Answer 2

Linguistic relativity & Linguistic determinism.

Question 3

B…. and L………’s Politeness Model :

Ideas of ‘face’ - positive face when faced with a desire to approve, and negative face when faced with a desire not to be impeded in acting in a particular way.

Answer 3

Brown and Levinson.

Question 4

What’s positive face, and which model does it belong to?

Answer 4

Positive face is ‘politeness’ used when you’re faced with a desire to please. It belongs to the Brown-Levinson Politeness Model.

Question 5

What’s negative face, and which model does it belong to?

Answer 5

Negative face is when one is faced with a desire not to be impeded in acting in a particular way. It belongs to the Brown-Levinson Politeness Model.

Question 6

Honorifics act as markers of deference to which? Negative or Positive face?

Answer 6

Negative face.

Question 7

Intimate address terms act as markers of social closeness and indicate which? Negative or Positive face?

Answer 7

Positive face.

Question 8

Positive or negative face can indicate what? Gender, Power or Technology?

Answer 8

Power.

Question 9

N…….. F……. coined the term ‘synthetic personalisation’.

Answer 9

Norman Fairclough.

Question 10

What is synthetic personalisation?

Answer 10

A persuasive device often used by advertisers - ‘you’, ‘we’. Speaking to the audience as if they were a single person. Gives the pretense of a close, friendly relationship.