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cla: spoken > Pragmatic and discourse development > Flashcards

Pragmatic and discourse development Flashcards

1
Q

importance of pragmatics

A
  • they need to have that web of connections
  • don’t have pragmatic awareness adults may have
  • to understand pragmatics children must have a comprehension of implicatures (understanding of implied meaning)
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2
Q

implication

A

what we mean rather than what we say

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3
Q

inference

A

interpreting what others mean

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4
Q

politeness

A
  • using selected words and phrases to be polite
  • one of earliest developments
  • please and thank you
  • asking not demanding
  • not raising voice / taboo
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5
Q

conversational management

A

knowing when and how long to speak

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6
Q

Topic maintenance

A

understanding to stay on topic and contributing relevantly to the conversation

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7
Q

Denotation

A

literal meaning

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8
Q

connotation

A

associated meaning

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9
Q

locution

A

literal speech act

‘can I go outside?’
‘it’s raining’

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10
Q

illocution

A

the implied meaning

‘can I go outside?’
‘no, you can’t

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11
Q

perlocution

A

the perceived meaning

‘can I go outside?’
‘I am not allowed to go outside’

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12
Q

Paul Grice’s maxims, 1975

A
  • ‘co-operative principle’
  • unconsciously will be conversationally cooperative and abide by certain maxims
  • children struggle to use maxims / make errors and flout the maxims
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13
Q

maxim of quality

A
  • should tell the truth

- should have evidence for statements made

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14
Q

Maxim of quantity

A
  • contribution should be as much as required

- should be neither too little nor too much

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15
Q

Maxim of relevance

A
  • speakers contributions should relate to purpose of conversation
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16
Q

Maxim of manner

A

contributions should be clear, avoiding ambiguity

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17
Q

Goffman

A
  • the face theory
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18
Q

G: losing face

A

to publicly suffer diminished self image (children don’t tend to get embarrassed due to lack of pragmatic development)

19
Q

G: maintaining face

A

taking a line when interacting socially

20
Q

G: taking a line

A

contribution to a conversation to show engagement

21
Q

G: positive face

A

need to be liked, appreciated and approved

22
Q

G: negative face

A

desire to feel independent

23
Q

G: Face threatening act

A

speech act which has the potential to damage someone’s self esteem

24
Q

G: Positive politeness strategy

A
  • shows you recognise that your hearer has desire to be respected
  • expresses group reciprocity
25
Q

G: Negative politeness strategy

A
  • recognises the hearer’s face

- recognises you are in some way imposing on them e.g. “I don’t want to bother you but”, “I was wondering if”

26
Q

M.A.K Halliday, 1975

A

identified 7 functions of motivation for a child to use language

27
Q

Halliday functions

A

HI, I Ran Round In Poo

H - heuristic
I - instrumental

I - interactional

R - regulatory

R - representational

I - imaginative

P - personal

28
Q

Heuristic

A

learn about the environment e.g. “Wassat?”

29
Q

Instrumental

A

fulfil a need e.g. “I want milk”

30
Q

Interactional

A

develop and maintain social relationships e.g. “I love you”

31
Q

Regulatory

A

influence the behaviour of others e.g. “pick up”

32
Q

Representational

A

convey facts and information e.g. “its hot”

33
Q

Imaginative

A

create an imaginary world as seen in play e.g. “me, shopkeeper”

34
Q

Personal

A

convey their opinion or personal identity e.g. “me like it”

35
Q

John Dore

A
  • identified eight functions that might be in child lang

- more focused than Halliday’s approach

36
Q

John Dore’s 8 functions

A 
L - labelling 
R - repeating 
A - answering 
R - requesting action 
C - calling 
G - greeting 
P - protesting 
P - practicing
37
Q

JD: Labelling

A

naming a person, object or thing

38
Q

JD: repeating

A

repeating an adult word / utterance

39
Q

JD: Answering

A

responding to an utterance of another speaker

40
Q

JD: Requesting action

A

asking for something to be done for them

41
Q

JD: Greeting

A

greeting someone / something

42
Q

JD: calling

A

getting attention by shouting

43
Q

JD: Protesting

A

objecting requests from others

44
Q

JD: Practicing

A

Using language when no adult is present

cla: spoken (5 decks)

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