practicing for fill in the blank questions

Question 1

Earth’s entire crust and upper mantle can be subdivided into ___

Answer 1

tectonic plates

Question 2

what is the partially molten layer of Mantle

Answer 2

asthenosphere

Question 3

a long, narrow, raised part of the Earth’s surface (ex: long narrow mountain chains)

Answer 3

ridge

Question 4

The sides of the ridge that slope away from the narrow top.

Answer 4

crest

Question 5

The sinking of one tectonic plate beneath another creates what?

Answer 5

subduction zone

Question 6

name a stratovolcano

Answer 6

Mount Fuji

Question 7

name on shield volcano

Answer 7

Mount Terror

Question 8

Hot spot volanoes are fueled by mantle plumes, whose magma originates at the ___ boundary

Answer 8

mantle-core

Question 9

chracterized by magma that is less sticky, volcanoes such as Kilauea in the Hawaiian islands are knows as ___ volcanoes

Answer 9

shield

Question 10

___ is a rock that consists of bits of lava that harden mid air after being ejected by a volacano

Answer 10

Pyroclastic or scoria
both are right

Question 11

what is the order of the planets

Answer 11

mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, plato

Question 12

spreading out in the shape of a feather

Answer 12

plume

Question 13

magma beneath the surface causes volcanic eruption

Answer 13

hot spot

Question 14

makes up the majority of ocean floor

Answer 14

basaltic rock

Question 15

may form when
surrounding stone collapses into hole/space that once contained
molten stone released as lava during an eruption

Answer 15

caldera

Question 16

bits of lava that harden in midair after being ejected by a volcano’s gases

Answer 16

scoria

Question 17

Igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been transformed by high pressure, high heat, and/or contact with hot magma

Answer 17

metamorphic rocks

Question 18

a crack in the rock

Answer 18

fissure

Question 19

Solids whose atoms/molecules/ions are arranged in a “highly ordered” repeating pattern. They have a highly ordered MICROSCOPIC arrangement of atoms

Answer 19

crystal

Question 20

Process by which crystals form and grow

Answer 20

crystallization

Question 21

combination of silicon and oxygen

Answer 21

silicate

Question 22

FeS2

Answer 22

pyrit (fools gold)

Question 23

crystallized pack rat urine

Answer 23

amberat

Question 24

hollow rock formations with minerals that have developed inside

Answer 24

geode

Question 25

geological process in which materials are worn away and (potentially) transported naturally by wind or water

Answer 25

erosion

Question 26

_____ causes rocks to fracture

Answer 26

frost

Question 27

rocks composed of broken pieces of other rocks bonded together

Answer 27

clastic rocks

Question 28

a fragment within clastic rocks

Answer 28

a clast

Question 29

process by which water rich in molecules that make up minerals/rocks gradually evaporates, allowing molecules to deposit and form mineral crystal/rocks

Answer 29

precipitation

Question 30

a sedimentary rock made up of plant matter compressed over millions of years

Answer 30

coal

Question 31

A rare form of limestone Composed of shell fragments of mollusks and other marine invertebrates Fragments glued together by calcite (CaCO3) that originated in these same shells

Answer 31

coquina

Question 32

(limestone) Distinct in that it contains abundant fossils such as shells, coral and other marine organisms

Answer 32

fossilferous limestone

Question 33

____ is made primarily of calcite (CaCO3) like all limestone IT is a soft, white limestone with many pores It is formed under sea/ocean/water by compression of plankton

Answer 33

chalk

Question 34

A hard chemical sedimentary rock consisting primarily of quartz coming from tiny organisms such as diatoms

Answer 34

chert

Question 35

An organism is considered ______ if it is carried by tides and/or water’s currents and not able to move against these forces on its own

Answer 35

plankton

Question 36

Organisms that live inside rocks, minerals, coral, animal shells or in pores between mineral grains

Answer 36

endoliths

Question 37

name of ingredients that make up detrital sedimentary rocks

Answer 37

detritus

Question 38

volcano that caused the year without summer

Answer 38

Mount Tambora (stratovolcano)

Question 39

icicle-shaped formations/mineral deposits that hang from the ceiling of a cave

Answer 39

stalactite

Question 40

PbS

Answer 40

galena (its a sulfide)

Question 41

__ is a potentially strong sedimentary rock made primarily of the mineral calcite (CaCO3)

Answer 41

limestone

Question 42

___ rocks are rocks composed of fragments derived from preexisting rocks that are bound together

Answer 42

conglomerate

Question 43

___ is a weak sedimentary rock made of very fine particles of clay, slit, or mud deposited in aquatic environments

Answer 43

mudstone

Question 44

the ancient roman god of fire is named ___

Answer 44

Vulcan

Question 45

mount royal has __ peaks

Answer 45

3

Question 46

a substance whose atoms are NOT arranged in a "highly ordered" fashion is referred to as ___

Answer 46

amorphous

Question 47

list criteria that must be met to be considered a mineral

Answer 47

- inorganic - naturally occurring - homogeneous solid - definitive chemical composition - crystalline atomic structure

Question 48

the mineral pyrite is often referred to as "fools gold". what is pyrits chemical formula

Answer 48

FeS2

Question 49

the eruption of ___ (HINT: a volcano) in 1815 is the largest observed eruption in recorded history

Answer 49

tambora

Question 50

whereas _____ is an upward growing mound of mineral deposits, ____ is an icicle-shaped mineral deposit hanging from the ceiling of a cave

Answer 50

1. stalagmite 2. stalactite

Question 51

what is the chemical formula for the sulfide mineral realgar

Answer 51

AsS

Question 52

____ limestone is distinct in that it contains abundant fossils of marine organisms, whereas ____ is form of limestone composed of shell fragments that have been glued together

Answer 52

1. fossiliferous 2. coquina

Question 53

an organism is considered ____ if it is carried away by tides and currents and is not able to move against these forces on its own

Answer 53

plankton

Question 54

_____ is a type of chert used to make arrowheads, spearheads, and even to start fires

Answer 54

flint

Question 55

_____, unicellular algae with silica cell wall, produce 20 to 30% of the oxygen we breath

Answer 55

diatoms

Question 56

____ are minerals/rocks formed when mineral crystals emerge due to evaporation of water (ex. halite, gypsum)

Answer 56

evaporites

Question 57

the ____ is an extremely dry region between the Andes mountains and the pacific ocean

Answer 57

atakama desert

Question 58

____ are organisms that live inside rocks, minerals, coral or the pores between mineral grains

Answer 58

endoliths

Question 59

the sedimentary rock shale can become the metamorphic rock ____

Answer 59

slate

Question 60

gneiss is a metamorphic rock whose parent rock may be ____

Answer 60

rhyolite or granite

Question 61

limestone and dolostone can form the metamorphic rock ____

Answer 61

marbe

Question 62

name two soluble minerals and/or rocks

Answer 62

- halite - gypsum

Question 63

what are the two processes of lithification (just give the name)

Answer 63

- compaction - cementation

Question 64

name 2 detrital sedimentary rocks

Answer 64

- conglomerate - breccia

Question 65

the formation of ___, a sedimentary materials largely consisting of partially decayed vegetation/organic material, is the first step in forming coal

Answer 65

peat

Question 66

the ocean crust is ____ but ____ than the continental crust

Answer 66

1. thinner 2. denser

Question 67

whats the formula of density

Answer 67

mass / volume

Question 68

quartzite is a metamorphic rock formed from ___

Answer 68

sandstone

Question 69

___ is substance that cannot be decomposed into simply subtances by chemical reactions ___ a substance made up on a single atom type ___ are building blocks for all materials that exist on earth

Answer 69

element

Question 70

number of ___ determines identity of element

Answer 70

protons

Question 71

electrons orbit around __ and have a negative charge

Answer 71

nucleus

Question 72

___ and ___ are at the center of __ and form what is known as the ___

Answer 72

1. protons 2. neutrons 3. atom 4. nucleus

Question 73

When atoms possess same number of protons (and therefore have same identity) but different numbers of neutrons, we say they are ___

Answer 73

isotope

Question 74

reactions where two elements with lighter nuclei (less protons) combine to form a single heavier nucleus (with more protons)

Answer 74

nuclear fusion

Question 75

what releases energy that powers the sun and other stars

Answer 75

nuclear fusion

Question 76

which planet has the most moons (natural satellites)

Answer 76

saturn