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practicing for fill in the blank questions Flashcards

1
Q

Earth’s entire crust and upper mantle can be subdivided into ___

A

tectonic plates

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2
Q

what is the partially molten layer of Mantle

A

asthenosphere

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3
Q

a long, narrow, raised part of the Earth’s surface (ex: long narrow mountain chains)

A

ridge

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4
Q

The sides of the ridge that slope away from the narrow top.

A

crest

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5
Q

The sinking of one tectonic plate beneath another creates what?

A

subduction zone

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6
Q

name a stratovolcano

A

Mount Fuji

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7
Q

name on shield volcano

A

Mount Terror

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8
Q

Hot spot volanoes are fueled by mantle plumes, whose magma originates at the ___ boundary

A

mantle-core

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9
Q

chracterized by magma that is less sticky, volcanoes such as Kilauea in the Hawaiian islands are knows as ___ volcanoes

A

shield

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10
Q

___ is a rock that consists of bits of lava that harden mid air after being ejected by a volacano

A

Pyroclastic or scoria
both are right

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11
Q

what is the order of the planets

A

mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, plato

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12
Q

spreading out in the shape of a feather

A

plume

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13
Q

magma beneath the surface causes volcanic eruption

A

hot spot

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14
Q

makes up the majority of ocean floor

A

basaltic rock

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15
Q

may form when
surrounding stone collapses into hole/space that once contained
molten stone released as lava during an eruption

A

caldera

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16
Q

bits of lava that harden in midair after being ejected by a volcano’s gases

A

scoria

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17
Q

Igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been transformed by high pressure, high heat, and/or contact with hot magma

A

metamorphic rocks

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18
Q

a crack in the rock

A

fissure

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19
Q

Solids whose atoms/molecules/ions are arranged in a “highly ordered” repeating pattern. They have a highly ordered MICROSCOPIC arrangement of atoms

A

crystal

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20
Q

Process by which crystals form and grow

A

crystallization

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21
Q

combination of silicon and oxygen

A

silicate

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22
Q

FeS2

A

pyrit (fools gold)

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23
Q

crystallized pack rat urine

A

amberat

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24
Q

hollow rock formations with minerals that have developed inside

A

geode

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25
Q

geological process in which materials are worn away and (potentially) transported naturally by wind or water

A

erosion

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26
Q

_____ causes rocks to fracture

A

frost

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27
Q

rocks composed of broken pieces of other rocks bonded together

A

clastic rocks

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28
Q

a fragment within clastic rocks

A

a clast

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29
Q

process by which water rich in molecules that make up minerals/rocks gradually evaporates, allowing molecules to deposit and form mineral crystal/rocks

A

precipitation

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30
Q

a sedimentary rock made up of plant matter compressed over millions of years

A

coal

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31
Q

A rare form of limestone
Composed of shell fragments of mollusks and other marine invertebrates
Fragments glued together by calcite (CaCO3) that originated in these same shells

32
Q

(limestone) Distinct in that it contains abundant fossils such as shells, coral and other marine organisms

A

fossilferous limestone

33
Q

____ is made primarily of calcite (CaCO3) like all limestone
IT is a soft, white limestone with many pores
It is formed under sea/ocean/water by compression of plankton

34
Q

A hard chemical sedimentary rock consisting primarily of quartz coming from tiny organisms such as diatoms

35
Q

An organism is considered ______ if it is carried by tides and/or water’s currents and not able to move against these forces on its own

36
Q

Organisms that live inside rocks, minerals, coral, animal shells or in pores between mineral grains

37
Q

name of ingredients that make up detrital sedimentary rocks

38
Q

volcano that caused the year without summer

A

Mount Tambora (stratovolcano)

39
Q

icicle-shaped formations/mineral deposits that hang from the ceiling of a cave

A

stalactite

40
Q

PbS

A

galena (its a sulfide)

41
Q

__ is a potentially strong sedimentary rock made primarily of the mineral calcite (CaCO3)

42
Q

___ rocks are rocks composed of fragments derived from preexisting rocks that are bound together

A

conglomerate

43
Q

___ is a weak sedimentary rock made of very fine particles of clay, slit, or mud deposited in aquatic environments

44
Q

the ancient roman god of fire is named ___

45
Q

mount royal has __ peaks

46
Q

a substance whose atoms are NOT arranged in a “highly ordered” fashion is referred to as ___

47
Q

list criteria that must be met to be considered a mineral

A
  • inorganic
  • naturally occurring
  • homogeneous solid
  • definitive chemical composition
  • crystalline atomic structure
48
Q

the mineral pyrite is often referred to as “fools gold”. what is pyrits chemical formula

49
Q

the eruption of ___ (HINT: a volcano) in 1815 is the largest observed eruption in recorded history

50
Q

whereas _____ is an upward growing mound of mineral deposits, ____ is an icicle-shaped mineral deposit hanging from the ceiling of a cave

A
  1. stalagmite
  2. stalactite
51
Q

what is the chemical formula for the sulfide mineral realgar

52
Q

____ limestone is distinct in that it contains abundant fossils of marine organisms, whereas ____ is form of limestone composed of shell fragments that have been glued together

A
  1. fossiliferous
  2. coquina
53
Q

an organism is considered ____ if it is carried away by tides and currents and is not able to move against these forces on its own

54
Q

_____ is a type of chert used to make arrowheads, spearheads, and even to start fires

55
Q

_____, unicellular algae with silica cell wall, produce 20 to 30% of the oxygen we breath

56
Q

____ are minerals/rocks formed when mineral crystals emerge due to evaporation of water (ex. halite, gypsum)

A

evaporites

57
Q

the ____ is an extremely dry region between the Andes mountains and the pacific ocean

A

atakama desert

58
Q

____ are organisms that live inside rocks, minerals, coral or the pores between mineral grains

59
Q

the sedimentary rock shale can become the metamorphic rock ____

60
Q

gneiss is a metamorphic rock whose parent rock may be ____

A

rhyolite or granite

61
Q

limestone and dolostone can form the metamorphic rock ____

62
Q

name two soluble minerals and/or rocks

A
  • halite
  • gypsum
63
Q

what are the two processes of lithification (just give the name)

A
  • compaction
  • cementation
64
Q

name 2 detrital sedimentary rocks

A
  • conglomerate
  • breccia
65
Q

the formation of ___, a sedimentary materials largely consisting of partially decayed vegetation/organic material, is the first step in forming coal

66
Q

the ocean crust is ____ but ____ than the continental crust

A
  1. thinner
  2. denser
67
Q

whats the formula of density

A

mass / volume

68
Q

quartzite is a metamorphic rock formed from ___

69
Q

___ is substance that cannot be decomposed into simply subtances by chemical reactions
___ a substance made up on a single atom type
___ are building blocks for all materials that exist on earth

70
Q

number of ___ determines identity of element

71
Q

electrons orbit around __ and have a negative charge

72
Q

___ and ___ are at the center of __ and form what is known as the ___

A
  1. protons
  2. neutrons
  3. atom
  4. nucleus
73
Q

When atoms possess same number of protons (and therefore have same identity) but different numbers of neutrons, we say they are ___

74
Q

reactions where two elements with lighter nuclei (less protons) combine to form a single heavier nucleus (with more protons)

A

nuclear fusion

75
Q

what releases energy that powers the sun and other stars

A

nuclear fusion

76
Q

which planet has the most moons (natural satellites)

Geology (20 decks)

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