Lecture 5 Minerals and Rocks 3

Question 1

Minerals can be classified according to their: (3 things)

Answer 1

-Chemical composition
-Properties
-Crystal Systems

Question 2

What are the contents of the mineral class Native elements and two examples

Answer 2

Contents are singular (individual elements) and examples are sulfur and copper

Question 3

What are the contents of the mineral class sulfides and two examples

Answer 3

The contents of sulfides is: Sulfur Ion (S2-) + other elements
Examples are:
GALENA (PbS), Sulfur (S2-) and lead (Pb2+)
STIBNITE (Sb2S3), Sulfur (S2-) and antimony (Sb3+) ions
REALGAR (As4S4 or AsS, sulfur (S2-) and arsenic (complex arrangement ions)

Question 4

What are the contents of the mineral class sulfates and examples

Answer 4

Contents: Sulfite Ion (SO42-) + other elements
Examples: GYPSUM (CaSO4, or CaSO4x2H2O since often complexed with water), sulfate (SO42-) and calcium (Ca2+) ions

Question 5

What are the contents of the mineral class halides

Answer 5

Contents: Chlorine (Cl-) or Fluorine (F-) ion + other elements
Examples: HALITE (NaCl), Chloine (Cl-) and sodium (Na+ ions). FLUORITE (CaF2), fluorine (F-) and calcium (Ca2+ ions)

Question 6

What is the contents of the mineral class oxides and some examples

Answer 6

Oxygen atoms (O) or Oxygen ions (O2-) + other elements
Examples:
-Water ice (H2O) oxygen and hydrogen atoms
-HEMATITE (Fe2O3), oxygen and iron ions
-MAGNETITE (Fe3O4), oxygen and iron ions
-CORUNDUM (Al2O3), oxygen and aluminum

Question 7

What are the contents of the mineral class carbonates?

Answer 7

Content: Carbonate ion (CO32- + other elements)
Examples: CALCITE (CaCO3), carbonate and calcium ions
ARAGONITE (CaCO3), carbonate (CO32-) and calcium ions
AZURITE (dont need to know formula)
MALACHITE (dont need to know formula)

Question 8

What are the contents of the mineral class phosphates and 3 examples

Answer 8

Contents: Phosphate ion (PO43-) + other elements
Examples:
HYDROXYAPATITE (Ca5(PO4)3)(OH))
FLUORAPATITE (Ca5(PO4)3F)
CHLORAPATITE (Ca5(PO4)3Cl)

Question 9

What are the contents of the mineral class silicates

Answer 9

Contents: Silicon (Si) combined with Oxygen (O) in various ways + other elements
Examples:
FELDSPARS
QUARTZ/SILICA (SiO2), silicon (Si4+) and oxygen (O2-) ions

Question 10

How many mineral classes are there?

Answer 10

9 (the last one is the mineral class organics) so not true minerals

Question 11

Feldspars are part of what mineral class?

Answer 11

Silicates

Question 12

What are the most abundant group of minerals in
Earth’s crust? What percent of the earth’s crust do they make up?

Answer 12

Feldspars, they make up 60% of earth’s crust

Question 13

What is the second most abundant group of minerals in Earth’s crust? What percent of earth’s crust is it?

Answer 13

Quarts/Silica (SiO2), 12 % of Earth’s crust

Question 14

What are the group of aluminum-containing silicate minerals.

Answer 14

Feldspars. They are silicates with aluminum

Question 15

What other elements/ions do Feldspars contain?

Answer 15

Sodium, potassium, calcium, and or barium ions

Question 16

True or False: Feldspars are important in rock formation

Answer 16

TRUE, they are found in igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Question 17

What are three examples of Feldspars

Answer 17

Arbiter (NaAlSi3O8), Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) and Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8)

Question 18

What are the contents of the mineral class organics and two examples

Answer 18

Contents: Carbon and Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds+ other elements
Examples: Amber and amberat

Question 19

Minerals can be classified according to? (3 things)

Answer 19

-Chemical composition
-Properties
-Crystal systems

Question 20

What are 8 mineral properties

Answer 20

Colour
Luster
Hardness
Cleavage/Fracture
Streak
Specific gravity/density
Magnetism
Reaction with Acid