Lecture 15- Water Part2 Flashcards
What are the three major factors affecting solubility
- SOLUTE molecule structure/polarity
- Temperature
- Pressure
Since water is polar, it dissolves __ kind of substances?
POLAR
Polar solutes are called?
Hydrophilic
Non polar solutes are
Hydrophobic, Not attracted to water and do not dissolve/mix in it.
Molecule structure determines molecule polarity so the structure MUST affect?
Solubility
A vitamin is polar or non polar?
Non-polar, fat soluble
C-H is considered?
Non-polar
Vitamin C is polar which means it is?
Water-soluble
Vitamin C has 5 polar O-H, so we can form a vitamin C solution in water. What is another word for Vitamin C?
Ascorbic acid
Why do hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water
They are polar and attracted to the water
Non-polar solutes are referred to as?
Hydrophobic as water prefers to interact with itself that it does with them. They are NOT attracted to water and do not dissolve or mix in it
Soaps are made up of?
Fatty acid molecules
Fatty acids are composed of: (2 parts)
1) Hydrophilic head (polar COOH carboxylic acid group
2) Hydrophobic tail (referred to as hydrocarbon)
Fatty acids align themselves to:
They form what is known as Micelles
1) maximize hydrogen bonding between hydrophilic (-COOH) heads and water
2) maximize interactions between hydrophobic tails (keep hydrocarbon tails together)
How does temperature affect solubility?
Solubility of solid in water increases with increasing temperature BUT MAY decrease with increasing temp.
CONCLUSION: the only way to determine impact of temp on solubility of a solid is to examine it experimentally
Solubility of GASES in water:
Decreases with increasing temperature
Trough need what type of environment:
Well oxygenated water and live in colder water with higher oxygen concentration
Carp lives in what kind of environment:
Lower oxygen in warm ponds
Pressure of a gas above water’s surface determines:
frequency of collisions between gas and water’s surface
Pressure/amount of gas above water’s surface directly impacts:
Amount of gas in aqueous solution and how fast gas dissolves in water
Increasing pressure alone water increases:
Amount of gas dissolved in water (since more collisions between gas and water surface)
As amount of CO2 above our oceans increases due to human activities, amount of CO2 entering oceans:
also increases
What is one of the biggest environmental threatens currently facing out plant (involving oceans)
Acidification of oceans
As amount of CO2 above oceans increases:
ocean’s pH decreases (oceans become more acidic)
What is pH, range of pH values that generally goes from 0-14
A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
Acids have a pH of? What are examples of acids
<7
HCl, lemon juice, vinegar
Bases have a pH of:
What are examples of bases?
Ph>7
NaOH (sodium hydroxide), soap, etc…
Water should have a pH of:
7 (NEUTRAL)
What is formula for pH?
pH= -log(H+) where (H+) is the concentration or amount of H+
1) If the concentration of H+ increases, pH:
2) If the concentration of (H+) decreases, pH:
1) decreases (more acidic)
2) Increases (more basic)
1) Each time the pH decreases by 1 pH unit:
When pH increases by 1 pH unit:
1) 10x more acidic
2) 10x more BASIC
