Practice test questions Flashcards
What is the name of the upper arm bone?
Humerus
Which category of movement assessments includes gait assessments?
Dynamic
Foam rolling the posterior adductor magnus and hamstring complex helps to reduce tension in the tissues allowing for appropriate levels of which joint action to be achieved?
Hip flexion
The concentric tempo should last approximately how long?
1 second
If a client cannot complete a single-leg squat without difficulty, what modification provides more stability but also more insight into unilateral compensations?
Split squat
Integration techniques are used to reeducate the Human Movement System back into what type functional movement pattern?
Synergistic
Compression boots should not be used during which part of the client’s workout session?
Before the workout.
Which muscle would be considered underactive/lengthened, leading to excessive pronation during the overhead squat assessment?
Posterior tibialis
Which phase of the muscle action spectrum leads to the most muscle damage, inflammation, impaired muscle function, and muscular soreness occurs, providing a good reason to limit the number of sets for the initial exerciser?
Eccentric deceleration
A client presents with the Janda Upper Crossed Syndrome. Which muscles are commonly underactive/lengthened?
Middle and lower trapezius, rhomboids, and serratus anterior
How does proprioception influence movement?
Afferent information from internal feedback is delivered to the central nervous system for use in monitoring and manipulating movement.
What are two common precautions to stretching?
Hypertension and joint replacement
Jared is a beginner client with weightloss goals and several mild movement dysfunctions. During the beginning phases, the repetition range for Jared during resistance training should be which of the following?
High repetition
Taylor, a 30-year-old ex-athlete, is just beginning a workout program. He does very well on the overhead squat and single-leg squat assessment but demonstrates an anterior pelvic tilt during a loaded squat assessment. Which of the following should be prioritized in Taylor’s training program?
LPHC stabilization and hip extensor activation
The anterior side of the scapula (subscapular fossa) is designed to house which muscle of the rotator cuff?
Subscapularis
Which muscle is thought to be overactive/shortened if the client demonstrates knee extension during the modified Thomas test?
Rectus femoris
How can sustained forward head posture also contribute to the development of TMJ (jaw) disorders?
Causing alteration of length-tension relationships in the head and neck
What should a fitness professional do to attempt to identify a potential root cause of the primary movement impairment in the foot and ankle?
Perform the heels elevated overhead squat modification.
The combination of enhanced motor unit activation, synchronization, and firing rate is known to increase what at that specific muscle?
Strength
At which joint might an increase in ROM serve as a preventative strategy by allowing the trunk to be more upright and minimizing shearing forces in the trunk?
Ankle
Which items should be considered when assessing the lifestyle of a client?
Recreation or hobbies
Though it is outside the scope of the fitness professional to focus on pain management, if guided by the clients physician, what can the fitness professional focus on for clients with low back discomfort?
Stability and mobility
What term is used to describe reduced neural drive to an antagonist muscle when an agonist muscle contracts?
Reciprocal inhibition
Which of the following describes the ability of different muscles in the body to work together to allow coordination of global and refined movements?
Intermuscular coordination
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis affects which part of the hand?
Radial side of the hand
What is an effective tool to help understand a client’s willingness to create behavior change in their workout routine?
The Transtheoretical Model of Change
How many cervical vertebrae make up the cervical spine?
7
What induces reciprocal inhibition in active stretching?
Contraction of antagonist muscles
Which is a recommended modification to training if a client has diagnosed plantar fasciitis?
Avoid impact based exercises and focus on increasing ankle mobility.
What is the name given for the wrist bones collectively?
Carpals
Which of the following is an example of a stabilizing muscle role?
The muscle of the rotator cuff contracting along with the deltoids during an overhead shoulder press.
What common knee injury results from overuse and is usually caused by muscle weakness in the kinetic chain and is commonly seen in runners?
IT Band Syndrome
What should the client do with the non-testing leg during the modified Thomas test?
The client holds the knee to their chest, putting the non-test hip in maximal flexion.
Which of the following describes the ability of different muscles in the body to work together to allow coordination of global and refined movements?
Intermuscular coordination
During a session, a Corrective Exercise Specialist notices hyperkyphosis of the thoracic spine. What technique would improve the resultant neck and shoulder position?
Mobilize the thoracic spine with a foam roller and stretch the pectoralis group
An over-supinated/inverted foot typically presents as which of the following?
Rigid
During the overhead squat assessment, a client demonstrates a lack of elbow extension. To what is this often attributed?
Overactive/shortened biceps brachii
Lengthening of the biceps is most effective with which shoulder position?
Extension
Which muscle would be considered overactive/shortened, leading to scapular elevation during a loaded pulling movement?
. Upper trapezius
At which joint might an increase in ROM serve as a preventative strategy by allowing the trunk to be more upright and minimizing shearing forces in the trunk?
Ankle
What best describes a closed-packed position of the shoulder?
The glenohumeral joint is at 90 degrees of abduction and full external rotation.
Which tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body?
Achilles
What is the most appropriate duration for a dynamic stretching warm-up?
Up to 90 seconds
Which muscle would be considered overactive/shortened, leading to the arms falling forward during the overhead squat assessment?
Latissimus dorsi
A client has shown dysfunction on a static assessment of the elbow. What would the next reasonable step in the assessment process be?
Mobility assessment of the elbow and wrist
A fitness professional observes his client rolling out his lumbar spine with a hard density foam roller. What should he recommend to the client?
That rolling the lumbar spine is a contraindication and should be avoided.
Which muscle would be considered underactive/lengthened, leading to knee dominance during the split squat assessment?
Gluteus maximus
When should the static posture assessment be conducted during an objective assessment session with a client?
First
The isometric tempo should last approximately how long?
2 seconds
What is the key compensation to look for during a single-leg squat assessment?
Knee valgus
Which phase of the muscle action spectrum is the slowest during corrective exercise?
Eccentric
Which global subsystem stabilizes the sacroiliac joint and is activated in part by the biceps femoris, increasing tension on the sacrotuberous ligament?
Deep longitudinal
What best describes an eccentric action of the posterior tibialis?
Ankle dorsiflexion and eversion
A client is in her second trimester of pregnancy and wants to foam roll her legs and upper back. What should the fitness professional consider before prescribing the myofascial intervention?
The fitness professional should consult the MD.
During a session, a Corrective Exercise Specialist notices hyperkyphosis of the thoracic spine. What technique would improve the resultant neck and shoulder position?
Mobilize the thoracic spine with a foam roller and stretch the pectoralis group.
Jamie demonstrated a posterior pelvic tilt during the overhead squat assessment. Which of the following is an appropriate activation exercise for Jamie?
Standing hip flexor
Matt presented with a knee valgus compensation that did not improve with a heel lift on the OHS assessment. What two muscles should be addressed as a key part of the activation exercises of Matt’s corrective exercise program?
Gluteus medius and gluteus maximus
Between which segment levels does 50% of rotation in the cervical spine occur?
C1-C2
Which of the following muscles serves to decelerate tibial internal rotation and knee extension?
Biceps femoris
Scott demonstrates an excessive posterior pelvic tilt during the overhead squat assessment. Which of the following would be the most appropriate muscle to activate?
: Erector spinae
Myofascial rolling is classified as what type of intervention?
Compression
Foam rolling the posterior adductor magnus and hamstring complex helps to reduce tension in the tissues allowing for appropriate levels of which joint action to be achieved?
Hip flexion
What is the biggest contraindication for stretching?
Recently injured individuals
What type of responsibilities might a client have that could reduce adherence to their long-term exercise and recovery program?
Unexpected family and social obligations.
What is the tradeoff for enhanced mobility in the glenohumeral joint structure?
Reduced stability
Lee, a client, shows up to a session with visible swelling in his left knee. What is the appropriate action to take?
Refer Lee out to a qualified medical professional.
What is the technical term for the natural curvature of the thoracic spine?
Kyphosis
What is the head position for the seated thoracic rotation test?
Neutral with nose in line with sternum
“Do you have any stressors in your personal life” is an example of a question assessing this client aspect?
Lifestyle
During the static postural assessment, a client demonstrates forward head posture. What compensation in the cervical spine is most likely to occur when this individual performs an overhead squat?
The client’s upper CS will hyperextend and their lower CS will flex.
Through which movement does the subtalar joint load or absorb energy?
Eversion
A client has a high-stress corporate job and always complains about how stressed and tired he gets at work. What cognitive manipulation tool could be recommended to help him deal with the high stress?
Taking a power nap in a sleep pod or somewhere quiet
Low sets and relatively light weights are needed to allow for the slow tempo and high repetition range to provide mild stress to specific areas of the body that benefit from regular activations with which of the following intensities?
Low-level activations
The acromion is part of which bony structure?
Scapula
Which corrective exercise is prescribed specifically to target activation of the lower trapezius muscle?
Prone floor scaption
A client that presents with over-pronation and limited ankle mobility is at risk for which injury or condition?
Achilles tendinopathy
The glenohumeral joint is what type of joint?
Synovial
A Corrective Exercise Specialist is looking to integrate short foot into the programming of a client with an over-pronated foot type. How many repetitions are best to include?
10 to 15 reps under control
A client demonstrates a knee dominance compensation. The observed compensation did not improve with OHS with heel lift. What mobility test will the fitness professional use to test the hip flexors?
Modified Thomas test
Why might it make sense to exercise the dominate limb first before the non-dominate limb for recruitment?
A primer to better prepare the non-dominate side
Which category of movement assessments includes the Davies test?
Which category of movement assessments includes the Davies test?
To help correct a client’s forward head posture, the Corrective Exercise Specialist recommends that the client perform the chin tuck exercise. What primary muscle(s) are targeted when performing this exercise?
Deep cervical flexors
When performing a static postural assessment on a client, the fitness professional notes that the client demonstrates a forward head posture. What muscle group is most likely shortened and overactive?
Suboccipitals
Georgia has completed Phases 1 and 2 of the Corrective Exercise Continuum for forward head posture. Which of the following is most appropriate activation exercise for her?
Incline dumbbell scaption
As long as less than 3% of body weight is expected to be lost during exercise or competition due to sweating, what hydration strategy should clients be instructed to follow?
Drink fluids as desired.
Subjects with which of the following issues have been reported to demonstrate impaired postural control, delayed muscle relaxation, abnormal muscle recruitment patterns, and notably diminished transverse abdominis and multifidus activation?
Low-back pain
What are the six dimensions of wellness as defined by the National Wellness Institute?
Occupational, physical, social, intellectual, spiritual, and emotional
If wrist extension is limited with elbow flexion, one can assume the limitation is coming from which structure(s)?
Wrist joint
What is the optimal duration of stretching to decrease musculotendinous stiffness?
30-60 secs
Which best describes the target motion of the knee flexion test?
The client actively flexes the knee as far as tolerable.
In order to obtain neuromuscular efficiency and optimization of human movement, total-body integrated exercises are called on to provide and control which of the following?
Degrees of freedom
What position is recommended for the fingers and hands during the thoracic extension test?
Crossed over the chest
What are common underactive/lengthened muscles in the lower body?
Rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, tibialis anterior, and peroneals
Which of the following movement assessments would assess plyometric capabilities of the upper extremities?
Davies test
What is the recommended time to have a pre-exercise snack and pre-exercise meal, respectively, before strength training exercise begins?
: 30 minutes to 2 hours; 2 to 4 hours
What is the key compensation to look for during a single-leg squat assessment?
Knee valgus
Which modality creates a tangential shearing or wringing-towel effect by creating compression around the muscle group and then adding movements to improve mobility?
Myofascial flossing
What is practiced with limited resistance with slow tempos and high repetitions so that the client can modify and rehearse quality movement?
Movement efficiency
Knee valgus and varus, an increased Q angle, poor quadriceps and hamstrings flexibility, poor eccentric deceleration capabilities, and playing on hard surfaces are all risk factors for developing what common knee injury?
Patellar tendinopathy
What three words are often known to fitness professionals but may not be the best to use with clients when communicating regarding the corrective exercise process?
Compensation, impairment, and dysfunction
What degree of performance impairments are associated with prolonged static stretching in isolation (no dynamic warm-up activities)?
3-7%
Which internal tissue or structure can get irritated and lead to pain when herniated discs press against it?
Nerve
During a movement assessment, if the foot over-supinates, what compensation would one observe?
Knee varus
Pes Planus Distortion Syndrome can lead to the following injuries?
Plantar fasciitis, medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints), patellar tendonitis, and low-back pain
In an OHSA, tightness in hip flexors, erector spinae, and latissimus dorsi will most likely contribute to which movement dysfunction?
Low-back arch
Which lower-body muscles are commonly overactive in the Kendall lordotic posture?
Hip flexors, lumbar extensors, and internal obliques (upper)
Jon exhibits a knee dominance compensation during assessment. Jon’s corrective exercise program should focus on inhibiting and lengthening what muscle groups?
Quadriceps and soleus
When performing active range of motion assessments with a client, the Corrective Exercise Specialist notices that their scapula does not move in a normal fashion during humeral elevation. Which term best describes this movement abnormality?
Scapular dyskinesis
Which movement assessment mimics movements associated with a walking and running gait and would be considered a regression from the single-leg squat assessment?
Split squat
According to the Screw-Home Mechanism, in an open-chain position and as the knee extends, what action best describes the motion of the tibia on the femur during the last 30 degrees?
External rotation
What is the name of the condition in which pain in the cervical spine is caused by looking down at a cell phone for prolonged periods of time?
Text neck
What is the typical duration for static stretching for professional athletes?
12-17 seconds
Which muscle should be strengthened in a fitness program for a client with a lack of lumbar stabilization?
Multifidus
What is the most appropriate term for a overuse injury to a tendon?
Tendinopathy
“Do you feel energized throughout the day and prior to activities?” is a question that would be found in what section of the client intake screen?
Lifestyle
What is the abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine in the frontal plane called?
Scoliosis
Which of the following statements most accurately provides an example of a SMART goal?
To increase 5k run time by 5 minutes, in 10 weeks, by training distance running and sprints 4 days per week.
What is the purpose of holding a ball (or other object) between the knees during the seated thoracic rotation test?
To lock the hips into place
Which upper-body muscles are commonly overactive in the Kendall kyphosis-lordosis posture?
: Shoulder adductors, intercostals, pectoralis minor, and internal obliques
What hip muscle is best to activate when valgus and overpronation are observed?
Gluteus maximus
What ligament creates the carpal tunnel?
Transverse carpal ligament
What percent of ACL ruptures occur during single-foot contact in physical activity secondary to uncontrolled lower extremity biomechanics?
0.7
What are two muscles that may be overactive/shortened if a client demonstrates restricted shoulder flexion?
Latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
A client presents with excessive elbow flexion during the assessment process. What activity would be a good choice to start the corrective exercise process?
SMR the bicep brachii and brachialis
A client presents with excessive elbow flexion during the assessment process. What activity would be a good choice to start the corrective exercise process?
SMR the bicep brachii and brachialis
Which muscle is thought to be overactive/shortened if the client demonstrates knee abduction during the modified Thomas test?
TFL
What is the recommended number of active movements to include in Step 2 of the myofascial rolling program?
4-6
What compensatory movements create an excessive anterior pelvic tilt?
The pelvis rolling forward and lumbar extension.
Which of the following is defined as the inability to move a joint through what should be its full range of motion?
Mobility restriction
Pain on the inside of the elbow may be a symptom of what condition?
Golfer’s elbow
What are the current recommendations for overall rest that include daily sleep, limited stress, and physical, and psychological relaxation?
Individuals should try to achieve a minimum of 8 hours of sleep, 60 minutes of psychological relaxation, and minimize stress each day.
What muscle attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula?
Pectoralis minor
What type of stretching can lead to decreased incidences of muscle and tendon injury?
Long-term static stretching
Knee injuries often occur during landing and, therefore, it is important to assess if the client lacks musculoskeletal control of the lower extremity during landing if there are no compensations observed during earlier assessment. The depth jump is one such assessment. During a depth jump assessment most impairments will be observed during what phase?
Deceleration
Javier demonstrates knee valgus during his assessment. Which of the following muscles should be inhibited?
TFL
Peter, a Corrective Exercise Specialist, has completed his assessment of a new client who demonstrated non-neutral wrist during her assessment. He’s completed Phases 1-3 of the Corrective Exercise Continuum, what should be his next exercise with his client?
Inverted row
Activation exercises may not be considered normal but are designed to provide isolated strengthening to specific muscles prior to moving into an integrated movement pattern by placing joints in the best position for which of the following?
Preferential activation
What verbal cue would one provide a client when doing a single-leg activity?
Keep your knees in line with your second and third toe.”
Which upper-body muscles are commonly overactive in the Kendall flat-back posture?
Pectoralis minor, shoulder adductors, upper trapezius, and levator scapulae
Which movement assessment utilizes dumbbells to assess a vertical pushing movement?
Standing overhead press
Which muscle would be considered overactive/shortened, leading to a heel rise during the overhead squat assessment?
Quadriceps complex
What is the most appropriate verbal cue to use if a client demonstrates knee valgus upon landing?
“Keep your knees in line with your second and third toes.”
For optimal sleep, what should the temperature of the room be?
72 degrees F/22 degree C
What is the prime mover of a specific joint action regardless of concentric or eccentric muscle action?
Agonist
Why is wearing high heels daily a consideration for potential postural dysfunction?
It puts the ankles in chronic plantarflexion.
According to recent research, which of the following may lead to increased core activation during a plank?
Performing a posterior pelvic tilt
Women become more flexible during pregnancy due to the release of which of the following hormones?
Relaxin
A client presents with excessive wrist flexion during the assessment process. What activity would be a good next choice activity after inhibiting the wrist flexors?
Stretch the wrist flexors
If a client has a history of ankle sprains, which assessment can be used to determine if this has negatively influenced gluteal strength?
Overhead squat
Which is a reason for a high-arched or over-supinated foot to have restricted ankle dorsiflexion?
Structurally short Achilles tendon
The heels elevated modification of the overhead squat assessment places the ankle in a plantarflexed position. How may this effect the squat?
Reduces the influence of the foot and ankle complex on the squat movement
Which type of exercises are the “gold standard” for Achilles tendinopathy?
Eccentrics
Polly demonstrates forward head posture during her assessment. Which of her muscles are most likely underactive?
Deep cervical flexors, lower trapezius, middle trapezius, and rhomboids
What is the most appropriate duration for a task-specific activities during warm-up?
5 to 15 minutes
