Chapter 9 - Movement Assessments Flashcards
Transitional movement assessments
Assessments that involve movement without a change in the base of support.
Loaded movement assessment
Observing a client’s posture under an additional source of resistance.
Primary movement patterns
Common patterns of functional movement used by all humans.
Dynamic Movement Assessments
Assessments that involve movement with a change in the base of support.
What are the 3 types of movement assessments?
Transitional assessments, loaded assessments, dynamic assessments
Transitional movements
allow for the assessment of an individual’s dynamic posture, quality and control of movement, and joint alignment during a specific movement pattern.
Phase 1&2
muscles identified as overactive/shortened will be inhibited and lengthened
Phases 3
Muscles identified as underactive/lengthened will be activated
Types of Transitional assessments
utilize only the client’s body weight and include the following: Overhead squat (OHSA) Modified overhead squat Single-leg squat (SLS) Split squat
Loaded Assessments
refers to observing a client’s dynamic posture with an additional source of resistance (under load) and should relate to the primary movement patterns all humans use every day, which include the following:
Push, Pull, Overhead press, Trunk rotation, Squat
Hinge, Split stance, Single leg and stepping
Types of loaded movement assessments
Loaded squat
Standing push
Standing pull
Standing overhead dumbbell press
Types of dynamic assessments
Gait assessment
Depth jump assessment
Davies test
2 ways to use dynamic assessments
The first is as a method of refinement and confirmation for what was observed in the transitional assessments.
Another use of the dynamic movement assessments is to add additional challenge to the movement assessment process for more advanced clients.
Kinetic chain checkpoints for dynamic assessment
Anterior: The anterior view is used to assess frontal and transverse plane movements (adduction, abduction, elevation, and rotation).
Lateral: The lateral view is used to assess sagittal plane movements (flexion and extension).
Posterior: The posterior view is used to assess foot and ankle pronation, asymmetrical weight shift, and scapular elevation.
The relationship of common movement impairments
muscle imbalances → compensatory strategies → observable movement impairments
Excessive pronation
Look for the arch of the foot to collapse and flatten, eversion of the heel, or malalignment of the Achilles tendon
Feet turn out
Look for the toes to rotate laterally during the movement (aka foot abduction).
Heel Rise
Look for the heel to come off of the ground during the movement.
Knee valgus
Look for the knees to collapse inward.
Knee varus
Look for the knees to bow outward.
Knee dominance
Look for an upright trunk, the knees to move in front of the toes, and/or for more knee anterior displacement compared to hip posterior displacement; that is, the knees move forward more than the hips move back. May be seen with heel rise.
Asymmetric weight shift
Look for the hip to shift toward one side or the other. The side of the body opposite the shift may also exhibit the hip dropping in the frontal plane.
Excessive trunk movement
Look for instability of the trunk when in a push-up position
Excessive Anterior pelvic tilt
Look for the pelvis to roll forward and for the lumbar spine to extend beyond normal curvature, creating a prominent low-back arch.
Excessive Posterior Pelvic tilt
Look for the pelvis to roll backward and for the lumbar spine to flex, creating a flattening or rounding of the lower back.
Excessive forward trunk lean
Look for the trunk to lean forward and beyond ideal parallel alignment with the shins.
Trunk Rotation
Look for the trunk of the body to rotate internally or externally during single-leg movements.
Scapular elevation
Look for the shoulders to move up toward the ears.
Scapular winging
Look for the scapulae to protrude excessively from the back, seen most prominently in a push-up position
Arms fall forward
Look for the arms to fall forward to no longer be aligned with the torso and ears.
Excessive cervical extension (forward head)
Look for the head to migrate forward, moving the ears out of alignment with the shoulders.
2 types of OHSA modifications
Heels elevated and hands on hips
Heels elevated
If a client exhibits movement impairments at the foot and ankle complex, knee, or LPHC, the root cause may usually be found at either the foot and ankle complex or the LPHC.
Elevating the heels also alters the client’s center of gravity by allowing the individual to sit more upright. This is important because with less forward lean there will be more knee excursion and less hip flexion utilized during the squat. This places less emphasis on the LPHC.
hands on hips
Placing the hands on the hips directly removes the stretch placed on the latissimus dorsi and other shoulder extensors and requires less demand from the core stabilizers
