Chapter 9 - Movement Assessments

Question 1

Transitional movement assessments

Answer 1

Assessments that involve movement without a change in the base of support.

Question 2

Loaded movement assessment

Answer 2

Observing a client’s posture under an additional source of resistance.

Question 3

Primary movement patterns

Answer 3

Common patterns of functional movement used by all humans.

Question 4

Dynamic Movement Assessments

Answer 4

Assessments that involve movement with a change in the base of support.

Question 5

What are the 3 types of movement assessments?

Answer 5

Transitional assessments, loaded assessments, dynamic assessments

Question 6

Transitional movements

Answer 6

allow for the assessment of an individual’s dynamic posture, quality and control of movement, and joint alignment during a specific movement pattern.

Question 7

Phase 1&2

Answer 7

muscles identified as overactive/shortened will be inhibited and lengthened

Question 8

Phases 3

Answer 8

Muscles identified as underactive/lengthened will be activated

Question 9

Types of Transitional assessments

Answer 9

utilize only the client’s body weight and include the following:
Overhead squat (OHSA)
Modified overhead squat
Single-leg squat (SLS)
Split squat

Question 10

Loaded Assessments

Answer 10

refers to observing a client’s dynamic posture with an additional source of resistance (under load) and should relate to the primary movement patterns all humans use every day, which include the following:
Push, Pull, Overhead press, Trunk rotation, Squat
Hinge, Split stance, Single leg and stepping

Question 11

Types of loaded movement assessments

Answer 11

Loaded squat
Standing push
Standing pull
Standing overhead dumbbell press

Question 12

Types of dynamic assessments

Answer 12

Gait assessment
Depth jump assessment
Davies test

Question 13

2 ways to use dynamic assessments

Answer 13

The first is as a method of refinement and confirmation for what was observed in the transitional assessments.

Another use of the dynamic movement assessments is to add additional challenge to the movement assessment process for more advanced clients.

Question 14

Kinetic chain checkpoints for dynamic assessment

Answer 14

Anterior: The anterior view is used to assess frontal and transverse plane movements (adduction, abduction, elevation, and rotation).

Lateral: The lateral view is used to assess sagittal plane movements (flexion and extension).

Posterior: The posterior view is used to assess foot and ankle pronation, asymmetrical weight shift, and scapular elevation.

Question 15

The relationship of common movement impairments

Answer 15

muscle imbalances → compensatory strategies → observable movement impairments

Question 16

Excessive pronation

Answer 16

Look for the arch of the foot to collapse and flatten, eversion of the heel, or malalignment of the Achilles tendon

Question 17

Feet turn out

Answer 17

Look for the toes to rotate laterally during the movement (aka foot abduction).

Question 18

Heel Rise

Answer 18

Look for the heel to come off of the ground during the movement.

Question 19

Knee valgus

Answer 19

Look for the knees to collapse inward.

Question 20

Knee varus

Answer 20

Look for the knees to bow outward.

Question 21

Knee dominance

Answer 21

Look for an upright trunk, the knees to move in front of the toes, and/or for more knee anterior displacement compared to hip posterior displacement; that is, the knees move forward more than the hips move back. May be seen with heel rise.

Question 22

Asymmetric weight shift

Answer 22

Look for the hip to shift toward one side or the other. The side of the body opposite the shift may also exhibit the hip dropping in the frontal plane.

Question 23

Excessive trunk movement

Answer 23

Look for instability of the trunk when in a push-up position

Question 24

Excessive Anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 24

Look for the pelvis to roll forward and for the lumbar spine to extend beyond normal curvature, creating a prominent low-back arch.

Question 25

Excessive Posterior Pelvic tilt

Answer 25

Look for the pelvis to roll backward and for the lumbar spine to flex, creating a flattening or rounding of the lower back.

Question 26

Excessive forward trunk lean

Answer 26

Look for the trunk to lean forward and beyond ideal parallel alignment with the shins.

Question 27

Trunk Rotation

Answer 27

Look for the trunk of the body to rotate internally or externally during single-leg movements.

Question 28

Scapular elevation

Answer 28

Look for the shoulders to move up toward the ears.

Question 29

Scapular winging

Answer 29

Look for the scapulae to protrude excessively from the back, seen most prominently in a push-up position

Question 30

Arms fall forward

Answer 30

Look for the arms to fall forward to no longer be aligned with the torso and ears.

Question 31

Excessive cervical extension (forward head)

Answer 31

Look for the head to migrate forward, moving the ears out of alignment with the shoulders.

Question 32

2 types of OHSA modifications

Answer 32

Heels elevated and hands on hips

Question 33

Heels elevated

Answer 33

If a client exhibits movement impairments at the foot and ankle complex, knee, or LPHC, the root cause may usually be found at either the foot and ankle complex or the LPHC.
Elevating the heels also alters the client’s center of gravity by allowing the individual to sit more upright. This is important because with less forward lean there will be more knee excursion and less hip flexion utilized during the squat. This places less emphasis on the LPHC.

Question 34

hands on hips

Answer 34

Placing the hands on the hips directly removes the stretch placed on the latissimus dorsi and other shoulder extensors and requires less demand from the core stabilizers