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Yoga Medicine > Practice test 1 > Flashcards

Practice test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The 11 Systems of the body?

A
  1. Integumentary (skin)
  2. Skeletal
  3. Nervous
  4. Cardiovascular
  5. Endocrine (glands/hormones)
  6. Muscular
  7. Respiratory
  8. Reproductive
  9. Digestive
  10. Urinary
  11. Lymph/Immune
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2
Q

anatomical position?

A

Mountain pose with palms forward

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3
Q

Axial

A

head, neck, and trunk

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4
Q

Appendicular

A

limbs/extremities

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5
Q

Anterior

A

towards the front

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6
Q

Posterior

A

towards the back

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7
Q

Distal

A

away from the trunk toward the fingers and toes

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8
Q

Proximal

A

towards the trunk away from the fingers and toes

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9
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the skin or outside

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10
Q

Deep

A

towards the inside or away from the skin

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11
Q

superior

A

up, Towards the top of the head

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12
Q

inferior

A

down or below, towards the feet

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13
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

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14
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

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15
Q

flexion

A

A movement in a sagittal plane which takes a part of
the body forward from anatomical position.
Exceptions: knee flexion, dorsiflexion\

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16
Q

Extension

A

A movement in the sagittal plane which takes a part of
the body backward from anatomical position. Except:
knee extension and plantar flexion

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17
Q

abduction

A

A movement in a frontal plane which takes a

part of the body away from the median plane.

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18
Q

Adduction

A

A movement in a frontal plane which takes a
part of the body toward the median plane.
(Add it to your body- it comes “in” to you) (Second ½ of jumping jack)

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19
Q

Pronation

A

Hand faces back, opposite

anatomical position.

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20
Q

Supination

A

Hand faces forward

same as anatomical position.

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21
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

“flexing” the foot

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22
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

pointing the toes

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23
Q

Lateral Flexion or Side Bending

A

Axial spine motion in the frontal plane away

from anatomical position.

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24
Q

Function of the Skeletal System

A

Support: Structural Support for the entire body

Protection: Surrounds soft tissue- critical organs

Movement: Creates the levers for muscles to attach to and
move the body.

Mineral Homeostasis: Stores minerals and fats. Releases
calcium and phosphorus as needed.

Blood Cell Production: Bone Marrow produces red and
white blood cells.

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25
Q

What is a joint

A

The Junction or Union of two or more Bones in the Body.

Primary Function is to provide motion and flexibility to the body
frame.

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26
Q

Synarthrosis

A

joint
Essentially NO motion/Fibrous
Skull, Teeth

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27
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction,
Internal, and External Rotation

only joint that moves in all directions

Hip and Shoulder

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28
Q

function of a Synovial Joint

A

Joint designed for Motion

Joint Motion: Spreads fluid around keeping joint healthy and lubricated.
Motion is Lotion

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29
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Releases Synovial Fluid

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30
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Bathes joint with nutrients

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31
Q

Joint Capsule

A

Ligaments to provide joint stability

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32
Q

Cartilage

A

Protects the ends of bones and helps with smooth motion

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33
Q

Ellipsoid

A

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction

Wrist, Fingers

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34
Q

Saddle

A

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction

Thumb

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35
Q

Hinge

A

Flexion and Extension

Knee and Elbow

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36
Q

Pivot

A

Rotation

Head C1C2, Forearm

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37
Q

Gliding/ Plane

A

Flat Edges Meet

Up, Down, Left, Right Diagonally

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38
Q

How to protect the joints

A

Proper Warm-up

Engage your Muscles

Motion is Lotion

Alignment

Avoid Pushing Joint into End Ranges

balance Between Muscle Groups

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39
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

joint
Slight/Minimal Motion, Connected by Cartilage or
Ligaments
Pubic, Vertebral Column

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40
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Synovial Joint,
Moves Freely
Shoulder, Hip, Knee, Elbow, Wrist, Ankle, etc

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41
Q

Ligaments

A

connect bone to bone and organs to bone

  • Restrict joint motion
  • Stabilize joint
  • Nerve endings that help with joint proprioception

Lots of stretch
more stretch then tendons

Elastin= the stretchy stuff
Collagen = the tough stuff

Low Vascularity: Low blood supply (They do not repair or heal easily.)

42
Q

Sprain

A

injury of ligament

43
Q

Strain

A

injury of tendon or muscle

44
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone and are not stretchy

transfer forces from muscle to bone to produce joint motion

makes the joint move

45
Q

Concentric

A

Constant Muscle Shortening.

46
Q

Eccentric

A

Controlled Lengthening.

controlled movement against gravity

movement of triceps on chateranga.

47
Q

Isometric

A

Constant Length while muscle generates tension- bones do not
move.

Bones don’t move

48
Q

Open Chain

A

distal ends not fixed

moving arms around in air

49
Q

closed chain

A

distal end is fixed

arms against wall or floor

50
Q

Fascia

A

Thick connective tissue that cover whole body and all the muscles, organs blood vessels. connects everything.

looks like spider web or sweater

helps with proprioception

51
Q

what happens during warm up?

A

Redirects Blood to muscles
from organs

Increases muscle temp

Increases neural
conductivity (increases
firing speed of muscle)

Increases lung expansion
and capacity

Increases attention and
focus

Increases tissue elasticity
and decreases viscosity:
less brittle, more pliable.

Lengthening force directed
at muscle tissue

Increases strength and

52
Q

Ischium

A

ischial tuberosities (sit bones)

53
Q

Antagonist

A

Produces the Opposite Motion- Progressively
Relaxes to Produce Smooth Motion

coordination

54
Q

Synergists

A

Assists and Fine Tunes the Motion (little helpers)

55
Q

Fixators

A 
Steady Proximal parts while motion is occurs at 
Distal Ends (Specific Synergists)
56
Q

Homeostasis

A

balance

home= same stasis= state

stable equilibrium between interdependent elements

57
Q

Mobility vs Stability

A

is a continuum in our bodies as well as everything else.

something is either mobil or stable

some parts meant to be mobile some stable. don’t make things what they are not meant to be.

honor what your body is supposed to do.

58
Q

Long Bone main function

A

major source of bone marrow

59
Q

short bone main function

A

Weight bearing

60
Q

spine: Cervical Rotation

A

C1/atlas C2/axis

61
Q

spine: Flexion/Extension

A

Cervical C3-C7

62
Q

spine: Side Bending

A

Cervical C3-C7

63
Q

Spinal Rotation

A

Thoracic

64
Q

spine: Flexion/Extension

A

Lumbar

65
Q

spine: Side Bending

A

Lumbar

66
Q

order of the parts of the spine

A 
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx
67
Q

C1/Atlas function

A

Supports the head

68
Q

C2/Axis function

A

Rotates the head

69
Q

What do the ribs attach to?

A

Thoracic Spine

70
Q

What transmits the weight of the body to the pelvis?

A

sacrum

71
Q

what puts the DISCS are greater risk

A

flexion or extension

72
Q

Bone markings: Projections

A

for muscle and ligaments to attach to

73
Q

bone markings: Depressions and openings

A

for blood vessels and nerves to pass

74
Q

What do the ribs protect?

A

lungs and heart

75
Q

why our spine is s shaped?

A

Shock absorption

76
Q

where kyphosis curve?

A

thoracic spine

77
Q

Where lordosis curve?

A

cervical and lumbar spine

same curve same motions

78
Q

what is the safest position of pelvis and sacrum during twist?

A

neutral and in line

79
Q

three types of muscles?

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

80
Q

skeletal muscle

A

Moves Bones and Structures- Voluntary

81
Q

cardiac muscle

A

Moves Heart and Aorta- Involuntary

82
Q

smooth muscle

A

Walls of vessels, moves substances through viscera, even

attached to hair follicles- Involuntary

83
Q

is the sacrum part of the pelvis?

A

no

84
Q

What are the prime moves of the abdominals

A

obliques

85
Q

Transverse Abdominis function

A

Compresses the abdomen and tones abdominals and creates lift in the lower spine. DECOMPRESSES THE SPINE. major stabilizer of the spine. maintains lumbar curve. back bend stabilizer.

86
Q

Uddiyana Bandha

A

Activation of the Lower Abdominals

87
Q

Moola Bandha

A

Activation of the Pelvic Floor

88
Q

SI where and function?

A

stabilization, symmetry, strength and length

where the sacrum and the ilium come together

89
Q

pelvis is made up of what three bones?

A

Ilium (elephant ears)
Ischium or ischial tuberosities (bottom of loops/ sit bones)
Pubis (above loops)

90
Q

ASIS

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (top front of elephant ears)

91
Q

PSIS

A

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (top back of elephant ears)

92
Q

parts of the vertebra

A 
spinous process (middle point)
transverse process (side points)
vertebral body (big part with hole)
93
Q

where does the spinal twist come from?

A

thoracic spine

94
Q

chief extender of the spine

A

erector spinae

goes all the way from the tail bone to the base of the neck

95
Q

actions of the quadratus lumborum

A

Lateral flexion of vertebral column, with ipsilateral contraction.
(Closed Chain)

Extension of lumbar vertebral column, with bilateral contraction.

Fixes the 12th rib during forced expiration.

Elevates the Ilium (bone), with ipsilateral contraction. (Open Chain)

96
Q

co stabilizers of the spine

A

transverse abdominus and multifidus (lil muscles on spine, mostly thoracic)

97
Q

stretching is?

A

moving muscles in opposite direction from hoe it contracts

moving in two directions

98
Q

psoas

A

trunk and hip flexion

99
Q

Superficial Layer of spinal muscles

A

trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Levator Scapulae/ rhomboids

mostly moves arms

100
Q

Intermediate Layer

A

Erector Spinae

101
Q

Deep Layer

A

Multifidus: Stabilize vertebrae, assists local extension, and rotary
motions. A Co- stabilizer with transverse abdominus.

Interspinales: Extension and Rotation

Transversalis: Lateral Flexion, Stabilize vertebral column

Rotatores: Trunk Rotation

Yoga Medicine (21 decks)

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