Practice Questions from Jeska's tutor - Cardio

Question 1

4 main listening points for cardiac sounds

Answer 1

L and R 2nd ICS 
L= pul valve
R=aortic valve
L 4th ICS at sternal border= tricuspid
L 5th ICS at mid-calvicular line= mitral
All Physicians Take Money

Question 2

where do you palpate PMI (point of maximal impulse)?

Answer 2

apical impulse, midclavicular line in 5th ICS

Question 3

What am I?

Answer 3

A BOSS ASS BITCH

-who is gonna ace this mofo test!

Question 4

How do you rate pulses and document a normal finding?

Answer 4

0 - no pulse
1 - diminished, barely there
2 - normal
3 - strong
4 - bounding
Normal: +2/4 (location) B/L

Question 5

Name 6 places to check for a pulse

Answer 5

Carotids, brachial, popliteal, posterior tibialis, dorsalis pedis

Question 6

Which side of stethoscope to check carotids?

Answer 6

Bell

Question 7

What is a positive finding for the capillary refill test and what does it indicate?

Answer 7

> 2 seconds to refill

-blocked a, shock, low temp

Question 8

How far do you evaluate a patient to assess their JVD?

Answer 8

(jugular venous distension)

45 degrees

Question 9

What is the grading for edema and what does pitting indicate?

Answer 9

\+1 - 2mm pitting disappears quickly
\+2 - 4 mm pitting - 10-15s
\+3 - 6mm - looks swollen and > 1 minute
\+4 - 8mm pitting - 2-5 minutes to refill
No edema is normal, so document normal as +0/4 BL

Question 10

Describe heart sounds

Answer 10

S1 (lub) - AV valves close, apex
S2 (dub) - semilunar valves close, base
S3 - normal in kids/young adults, pathological in adults, rapid ventricular filling
S4 - always pathological, right before S1

Question 11

Give 2 examples each of causes of systolic and diastolic murmurs

Answer 11

Systolic - Aortic/pulmonic stenosis, Mitral/tricuspid regurg

Diastolic - Mitral/tricuspid stenosis, Aortic/pulmonic regurg