Old Shit Flashcards
Coronal plane axis
A/P - sidebend R and L around axis
Sagittal plane axis
Transverse plane - F/E around axis
Transverse plane axis
Superior/inferior axis - rotation around axis
Axis is ________ to the plane
Perpendicular
Kyphosis
Normal AP curve of the spine
Thoracic spine
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature in coronal plane
daVinci
center of gravity
anatomy in context of machines
Galilei
Strength of bones
Borelli
Mechanical framework, even heart
3 Types of machines
- Levers - most common, 3rd most common
- Wheel-axes (form of lever)
- Pulley - change direction
Moment arm
Distance from center of joint to where muscle is attached
Joint reaction force
Sum of separate movements
Stress to joint during movement
Difference between internal and external forces?
Internal - move limb
External - OMT
Both types of forces can cause tissue deformation
Wolff’s law
Bone increased where needed, reabsorbed where not needed
SAID principle
(muscle will have) Specific Adaption Imposed Demands
3 joint classifications and examples
Fibrous - sutures or joints
Cartilaginous - hyaline c, no cavity, epiphyseal plate
Synovial - diarthrosis, most common, fluid filled cavity
Ginglymus joint
Hinge
-ex. elbow
Sellar joint
Thumb
Ball and socket
Ellipsoid (radioulnar)
Condylar (MC-phalangeal)
Plane joint
Sliding
ex. triquetum-pisiform
Hilton’s law
What is supplying is also supplying skin and muscles moving it
3 forms of arthritis
- Inflammatory (RA) - immune attacks
- OA - older
- Traumatic - injury or lack of blood
Drinkin’ limits?
(NOT for medical students)
Men - 4/day (<7/week)
What are the 5 P’s?
Partners Prevention Prego practices Prevent STDs Past hx of STDs
If a patient is brought to the ER in the middle of an aortic dissection, with a low grade fever and you suspect they have HIV. Should you ask a sexual history right then?
I know you are tempted, but NO
Wait until they are stable.
3 ways to test scapula?
Shoulder shrug
Retraction
Protraction
Apley scratch test
Hand up and down back of the back to check ROM
Apprehension and sulcus sign are for testing what?
Glenohumoral instability
Cross arm/cross over test is for testing what?
AC joint pathology
Yergason test?
Bicipital tendon inflammation or instability
Speeds test is for what dx?
Bicipital tendonitis
Neer impingement tests for what?
Subarachnoid bursa or rotator cuff impingement
Lift off test is for which muscle?
Subscapularis
Empty can test is for which muscle?
Supraspinatous
Hawkins is for which dx?
Rotator cuff impingement
Scoliosis is named for what?
The convexity
The curve pattern of scoliosis is defined by what?
The vertebra that is most deviated and rotated from midline
Most common scoliosis curve is?
Right thoracic
What makes a patients scoliosis more likely to progress?
Females
Cobb angle 20-29
Double thoracics
Pts younger than 12
How does back brace benefit scoliosis pt?
Prevents progression
NOT correct
What does the Harrington rod do?
Corrects in the coronal plane only
Thumb sensory?
C6
Index sensory?
C7
Pinky sensory?
C8
Tinel’s test
At elbow, testing ulnar nerve
Tennis elbow is?
Lateral epicondylitis
Golfers elbow is?
Medial epicondylitis
Ligament associated with radial head subluxation?
Annular
Where do you get pain if you have a scaphoid fracture?
Snuffbox
OK sign for what?
Median n entrapment
Ulnar n sensory?
Pinky, 1/2 of rink and dorsal aspect of medial hand
Median n sensory?
1/2 of pinky and palmar aspect of hand and most of dorsal aspect of fingers
Radial n sensory?
Dorsal aspect of lateral hand
Where is the Tinels sign done?
At wrist, between hypothenar and thenar eminence
Carpal tunnel syndrome is which nerve?
Median
Tinel’s sign
Phalens test
Median n entrapment
+ sign is paresthesia
Allen test checks what?
Radial and ulnar a
Finkelstein’s test
Tensosynovitis of thumb
aka Dequervains dz
Colle’s fx
FOOSH
5 tests for central compartment of the hip?
Log roll Labral loading Labral distraction Scour Apprehension
3 tests for peripheral compartment of the hip?
Log roll, Ely’s test, rectus femoris test
6 tests for lateral compartment of the hip?
Bursitis, straight leg, Obers, piriformis, trendelenberg, FABER
3 tests for iliopsoas
FABER, psoas, thomas test
2 Phases of gait?
Stance - foot in contact with ground
Swing - foot not in contact
Stride
Same foot to same foot
Avg - 14-16 inches
Average cadence
90-120 steps per minute
Requirements of gait
Stability in stance Foot clearance in swing Pre-position for initial contact Adequate step length E conservation
Test for MCL of the knee
Valgus
Test for LCL of the knee
Varus
Test for the ACL/PCL
Ant/post drawer
Lachmans and reverse Lachmans
Pivot shift
Sag test
Ways to test patella?
Laxity and apprehension
Compression and glide
Test medial and lateral meniscus
Apley grind and McMurrays
Which meniscus has adequate blood supply to heal?
Lateral
*medial cannot, surgical to fix
Drawer test
Tests anterior talofibular ligament
**Always Tears First
Talar tilt
Supination evaluates calcaneofibular ligament
Eversion
Evaluates deltoid ligament
Thompson test
Absence of plantar flexion indicates Achilles tendon
Squeeze test
Pain indicates a high ankle sprain or syndesmosis injury
Cross leg test
Cross affected side onto opposite knee
Pain indicates high ankle sprain
Moses sign
Specific test for tibial v DVT
Homans sign
Pain is positive for DVT
Ability to dorsiflex ankle with knee flexed is for?
Gastrocnemius
Inability to dorsiflex ankle with knee flexed is?
Soleus
What 2 things does high ankle sprain involve?
Anterior inferior talofibular ligament and syndesmosis
Plantar fascitis
Improves throughout the day
Worse in the morning
Tender at the calcaneous
Morton neuroma
Walking on a marble
Turf toe
Presents as pain and bruising at base of great toe
Achilles tendonitis
Micro tears in tendon causing swelling and thickening
Medial ankle sprain
Deltoid ligament injury
