Practice Questions Flashcards
What is the primary cause of Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)?
Decreased pituitary activity
Which of the following is a common clinical sign of Hypothyroidism in infants?
Thick tongue
At what age is precocious puberty defined for boys and girls?
Boys: <9 years, Girls: <8 years
What is the most common treatment for Diabetes Mellitus Type 1?
Insulin therapy
Which of the following is NOT a treatment for Addison’s Disease?
Insulin injections
Which type of anemia is characterized by a Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) less than 80 fL?
Microcytic anemia
What is the most common type of Hemophilia?
Hemophilia A
Which of the following is a complication associated with sickle cell disease (SCD)?
Stroke
What is the most common treatment for vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease?
IV fluids and pain control
In Hemophilia, which laboratory test would likely be prolonged?
PTT
Which type of childhood cancer is most commonly associated with leukemia?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
What is a common symptom of a brain tumor in children?
Morning headaches
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of Wilms Tumor?
Painless abdominal mass
Which is the primary treatment for osteosarcoma?
Limb-salvage surgery or amputation
Which condition in childhood cancer presents with fever, neutropenia, and a high risk of infection?
Febrile neutropenia
Which of the following is a common nursing consideration for children with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
Monitor for hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
What is a common symptom of diabetes insipidus (DI) after brain tumor surgery?
Excessive urination
When administering insulin to a child with Type 1 diabetes, where is the most effective site for subcutaneous injection?
Abdomen
What should be avoided when taking iron supplements for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)?
Dairy products
What is a common complication in children with leukemia associated with low platelet counts?
Prolonged bleeding
What is the primary difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic dehydration?
Isotonic Dehydration: Equal loss of water and sodium, resulting in normal sodium levels (135-145 mmol/L).
Hypotonic Dehydration: More sodium is lost than water, causing low sodium levels (<135 mmol/L) and fluid shifts from ECF to ICF.
Hypertonic Dehydration: More water is lost than sodium, resulting in high sodium levels (>145 mmol/L) and fluid shifts from ICF to ECF.
A 6-year-old child weighs 18 kg. How much maintenance IV fluid should they receive per hour according to the 4-2-1 rule?
First 10 kg → 10 × 4 = 40 mL/hr
Next 8 kg → 8 × 2 = 16 mL/hr
Total = 40 + 16 = 56 mL/hr
A 2-year-old child has a fever and is showing signs of tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, and irritability. What is the likely severity of dehydration?
Moderate dehydration (6-9% body weight loss)
When should complementary foods be introduced to an infant according to the AAP recommendation?
Around 6 months of age
What is the primary cause of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in children?
Frequent consumption of sugary liquids and poor oral hygiene
A 10-month-old infant is being weaned off the bottle. At what age should bottle weaning ideally be completed?
By 1 year of age
What is the primary intervention during a seizure in a child?
Maintain airway, do not place anything in the mouth, and protect the child from injury
What is the typical treatment for bacterial meningitis in children?
Antibiotics and supportive care
What are Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs, and what do they indicate?
Kernig’s Sign: Pain when extending the knee with the hip flexed (indicative of meningitis).
Brudzinski’s Sign: Flexion of the knees and hips when the neck is flexed (also indicative of meningitis)
What is the main mode of transmission for scabies?
Skin-to-skin contact
Which burn classification involves damage to the entire dermis and requires grafting?
Third-degree burn (full-thickness burn)
A child presents with red, itchy, and scaly patches on the scalp. What is the most likely diagnosis, and how is it treated?
Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm); treated with antifungal medications (topical or oral)
What is a common sign of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) in children?
Hip, thigh, or knee pain with limited internal rotation of the hip
A child presents with uneven shoulders, a rib hump, and trunk asymmetry. What is the likely diagnosis, and what is the recommended management for mild cases?
Scoliosis; for mild cases (10-20° curvature), strengthening and stretching exercises are recommended
Which of the following is a contraindication for vaccination: A child with a mild cold or a child with a history of anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine?
A history of anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine is a true contraindication
What type of immunity is provided by breast milk during the first few months of life?
Natural passive immunity (maternal antibodies)
What is the most important consideration when administering Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) to a child?
Monitor glucose levels, electrolytes, and ensure compatibility with other medications
A child with a suspected non-accidental fracture (NAF) presents with posterior rib fractures. What is the most likely cause of these fractures?
Non-accidental trauma (e.g., child abuse)
