Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds Exam 2 > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Lab Values - WBC

A

WBC: 4,500 - 13,500/mm³

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Lab Values - RBC

A

RBC: 4.1 - 5.3 million/μL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Lab Values - Hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin (Hgb): 11.5 - 15.5 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Lab Values - Hematocrit

A

Hematocrit (Hct): 35% - 45%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Lab Values - Platelets

A

Platelets: 150,000 - 450,000/mm³

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Lab Values - MCV

A

MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume): 80-100 fL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Lab Values - MCH

A

MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin): 27-33 pg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Lab Values - Reticulocyte Count

A

Reticulocyte Count: 0.5% - 1.5% (higher if bone marrow is compensating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anemia Definition

A

Anemia = Low RBC count, Hgb, or Hct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Three Types of Anemia

A

Microcytic (MCV <80 fL) → Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), Thalassemia

Normocytic (MCV 80-100 fL) → Acute blood loss, Chronic disease, Hemolytic anemia

Macrocytic (MCV >100 fL) → B12/Folate deficiency, Bone marrow failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) - Causes

A
  • Inadequate dietary iron (common in toddlers, adolescents
    menstruating females)
  • Chronic blood loss (GI bleeding, heavy menstruation)
  • Malabsorption disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anemia Symptoms - Early

A

Fatigue, pallor, irritability, weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anemia Symptoms Late

A

Glossitis, spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia), pica (craving for ice/dirt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anemia Labs

A

↓MCV,
↓MCH,
↓Hgb,
↓Ferritin,
↑TIBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anemia Treatment

A
  • Iron supplementation (take with vitamin C, avoid dairy)
  • Increase dietary iron (red meat, leafy greens)
  • Monitor response via reticulocyte count (~1-2 weeks)
  • don’t take with milk
  • take with ascorbic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) - Genetics

A

Autosomal recessive disorder (child must inherit two sickle genes) African or Mediterranean descent typically

17
Q

Sickle Cell Disease - Pathophysiology

A

Abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) → RBC sickling → vascular occlusion, ischemia, and hemolysis.
Cells lose circle shape to sickle shape = stiff, sticky, desreases lifespan from 120 days to 10 to 20 days

18
Q

Sickle Cell Disease - Complications

A

Stroke, infections, organ damage (spleen, kidneys, lungs), avascular necrosis.

19
Q

Sickle Cell Disease - Triggers for Crisis

A

Dehydration, hypoxia, infection, cold exposure, stress.

20
Q

Vaso-Occlusive Crisis (VOC) - Cause

A

Sickled cells block blood flow → pain, ischemia.

21
Q

Vaso-Occlusive Crisis - Symptoms

A

Severe pain (joints, chest, abdomen), swelling, fever.

22
Q

Vaso-Occlusive Crisis - Treatment

A
  • Hydration (IV fluids)
  • Pain control (PCA pump, opioids)
  • Oxygen if hypoxic
  • Blood transfusion if severe
  • Avoid triggers (hydration, avoiding extreme temperatures)
23
Q

Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) Cause

A

Sickling in lung vasculature → infarction/infection.

24
Q

Acute Chest Syndrome - Symptoms

A

Fever, cough, chest pain, hypoxia, respiratory distress.

25
Q

Acute Chest Syndrome - Treatment

A
  • Oxygen
  • IV fluids
  • Broad-spectrum antibiotics
  • Blood transfusion in severe cases
  • Bronchodilators if wheezing
26
Q

Emergencies in SCD

A
  • Fever ≥101°F → Immediate ER visit (risk of sepsis)
  • Stroke → Sudden weakness, slurred speech → Needs exchange transfusion
  • Splenic Sequestration → Rapid drop in Hgb, shock symptoms
27
Q

Common Medications for SCD

A
  • Hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin, reduces crises)
  • Prophylactic Penicillin (to prevent infections)
  • Folic Acid (to support RBC production)
  • Pain Medications (NSAIDs, opioids during VOC)
28
Q

Hemophilia Cause

A

X-linked recessive disorder (affects males, carrier females)

29
Q

Hemophilia Types

A

Hemophilia A: Factor VIII deficiency (most common)

Hemophilia B: Factor IX deficiency

30
Q

Hemophilia Symptoms

A

Easy bruising, hemarthrosis (joint bleeding), prolonged bleeding.

31
Q

Hemophilia Diagnosis

A

Prolonged PTT, normal PT, normal platelets.

32
Q

Hemophilia Treatment

A
  • Factor replacement therapy
  • Desmopressin (DDAVP) for mild Hemophilia A
  • Avoid NSAIDs/aspirin
  • RICE for joint bleeds
33
Q

5 types of white blood cells

A

Neutrophiles (phagocytosis)
Eosinophils (Allergic)
Basophils (inflammation)
Monocytes (antigen/phagocytosis)
LymphNeutrophilsoncytes (BT cells Humoral and cellular)

34
Q

Anemia Causes

A

Decreased production - marrow issues
Poor nutrition
ineffective erythropoiesis
blood loss

35
Q

Sickle Cell Crisis

A

Vaso occlusive, splenic, acute

Peds Exam 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions