Nutrition Flashcards
Infants recommended nutrition source
Breastmilk is the preferred nutrition source, providing essential amino acids, fatty acids, and immune support.
Toddler/Preschool recommended Nutrition Source
Transition to whole foods; introduce solid foods at 6 months.
School age recommended nutrition source
Increased nutritional needs due to growth spurts
Adolescents Recommended nutrition source
High calorie needs (males ~3000 kcal/day, females ~2000 kcal/day).
Trends in Fluid & Macronutrient Requirements for Children:
- Infants require high fluid intake (140-160 mL/kg/day) and 50% of calories from fat.
- As children grow, metabolic demands slow, and milk/juice intake decreases.
-Adolescents require increased calories due to rapid growth.
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Definition
Severe decay in primary teeth
Early childhood caries (ECC) Causes and Importance
Causes: Frequent consumption of sugary liquids, and poor oral hygiene
Why Important?: Can lead to infections, pain, and difficulties with eating and speech development.
4/4/4 breastmilk storage rule
4 hours at room temp
4 days in the fridge.
4 months in the freezer.
Introduction of complementary foods age
Around 6 months
Bottle Weaning age
around 8 to 9 months done by 1 year
Infant Food introduction considerations
- Infant should be able to sit with support and turn away when full.
- Start with iron-fortified cereals, then vegetables & fruits, followed by meats.
-Introduce one new food at a time to check for allergies.
Nutritional Needs of Toddler
- Slower metabolic rate → reduced appetite (physiological anorexia).
- 1 tbsp of food per year of age.
- Milk intake: 16-24 oz/day (whole milk until 2 years, then 2%).
- Limit juice intake (4 oz/day for ages 1-3, 4-6 oz/day for ages 4-6).
Physiological Anorexia
Normal reduction in appetite around 1-2 years as growth slows.
Nutritional Needs of Teenagers
Increased calorie intake due to rapid growth.
Males ~3000 kcal/day, Females ~2000 kcal/day.
Encourage healthy food choices and balanced diets
Food Insecurity & Childhood Hunger Definition
Lack of consistent access to enough food for a healthy life
Food Insecurity & Childhood Hunger Cause
Poverty
Food Insecurity & Childhood Hunger Risks
Malnutrition, developmental delays, poor academic performance.
Obesity Vs Overweight
Obesity: BMI >95th percentile.
Overweight: BMI 85th-94th percentile
Causes: Poor diet, low physical activity, screen time.
Colic
Recurrent crying episodes lasting >3 hours/day, >3 days/week.
Cause: Unknown, may be linked to gas or immature digestion
Celiac Disease
Autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten (wheat, barley, rye)
Symptoms: Chronic diarrhea, growth impairment, abdominal distention
Treatment: Gluten-free diet.
PICA
Eating disorder involving non-food items (e.g., soil, paint)
Symptoms: Iron & zinc deficiency
Treatment: Remove access to non-food items, correct deficiencies
Failure to Thrive Definition
Growth below the 3rd-5th percentile.
Failure to Thrive Cause
Poor nutrition, malabsorption, increased metabolic demands
Failure to Thrive Nursing Interventions
Monitor growth, assess feeding habits, support nutrition
