Nutrition Flashcards
Infants recommended nutrition source
Breastmilk is the preferred nutrition source, providing essential amino acids, fatty acids, and immune support.
Toddler/Preschool recommended Nutrition Source
Transition to whole foods; introduce solid foods at 6 months.
School age recommended nutrition source
Increased nutritional needs due to growth spurts
Adolescents Recommended nutrition source
High calorie needs (males ~3000 kcal/day, females ~2000 kcal/day).
Trends in Fluid & Macronutrient Requirements for Children:
- Infants require high fluid intake (140-160 mL/kg/day) and 50% of calories from fat.
- As children grow, metabolic demands slow, and milk/juice intake decreases.
-Adolescents require increased calories due to rapid growth.
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Definition
Severe decay in primary teeth
Early childhood caries (ECC) Causes and Importance
Causes: Frequent consumption of sugary liquids, and poor oral hygiene
Why Important?: Can lead to infections, pain, and difficulties with eating and speech development.
4/4/4 breastmilk storage rule
4 hours at room temp
4 days in the fridge.
4 months in the freezer.
Introduction of complementary foods age
Around 6 months
Bottle Weaning age
around 8 to 9 months done by 1 year
Infant Food introduction considerations
- Infant should be able to sit with support and turn away when full.
- Start with iron-fortified cereals, then vegetables & fruits, followed by meats.
-Introduce one new food at a time to check for allergies.
Nutritional Needs of Toddler
- Slower metabolic rate → reduced appetite (physiological anorexia).
- 1 tbsp of food per year of age.
- Milk intake: 16-24 oz/day (whole milk until 2 years, then 2%).
- Limit juice intake (4 oz/day for ages 1-3, 4-6 oz/day for ages 4-6).
Physiological Anorexia
Normal reduction in appetite around 1-2 years as growth slows.
Nutritional Needs of Teenagers
Increased calorie intake due to rapid growth.
Males ~3000 kcal/day, Females ~2000 kcal/day.
Encourage healthy food choices and balanced diets
Food Insecurity & Childhood Hunger Definition
Lack of consistent access to enough food for a healthy life
Food Insecurity & Childhood Hunger Cause
Poverty
Food Insecurity & Childhood Hunger Risks
Malnutrition, developmental delays, poor academic performance.
Obesity Vs Overweight
Obesity: BMI >95th percentile.
Overweight: BMI 85th-94th percentile
Causes: Poor diet, low physical activity, screen time.
Colic
Recurrent crying episodes lasting >3 hours/day, >3 days/week.
Cause: Unknown, may be linked to gas or immature digestion
Celiac Disease
Autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten (wheat, barley, rye)
Symptoms: Chronic diarrhea, growth impairment, abdominal distention
Treatment: Gluten-free diet.
PICA
Eating disorder involving non-food items (e.g., soil, paint)
Symptoms: Iron & zinc deficiency
Treatment: Remove access to non-food items, correct deficiencies
Failure to Thrive Definition
Growth below the 3rd-5th percentile.
Failure to Thrive Cause
Poor nutrition, malabsorption, increased metabolic demands
Failure to Thrive Nursing Interventions
Monitor growth, assess feeding habits, support nutrition
Anorexia S/S
Cold intolerance, dizziness, bloating, irregular menses
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements
Bulimia S/S
Eroded tooth enamel, gum recession, esophageal tears
Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance.
Nursing for Gastric Tubes
Assess placement, prevent complications
Nursing for TPN
Monitor glucose, electrolytes, and compatibility.
Nursing for Central Lines
Maintain aseptic technique, monitor for infection
