Practice questions

Question 1

What part of the atmosphere maintains global temperatures due to containing greenhouse gases?

Answer 1

Thermosphere

Question 2

What does cement production result in?

Answer 2

Releasing carbonate stored in rock and producing carbon dioxide.

Question 3

What is nitrogen used for?

Answer 3

To form protein for growth and energy and to form ATGC base pairs in DNA

Question 4

What are the properties of eutrophic water?

Answer 4

They have 10-30micrograms/litre of phosphorus, a pH >7 and an organic mud substrate

Question 5

What are properties of urban water cycles?

Answer 5

They have less infiltration and evaporation than natural cycles.

Question 6

What are most rocks formed from?

Answer 6

Silicates

Question 7

What is the optimum soil pH for nitrogen in nitrophilic plants?

Answer 7

6-7.7

Question 8

Which soil water is most available to plants?

Answer 8

Capillary water

Question 9

Where are birds flight muscles attached?

Answer 9

To the sternum

Question 10

What is a defining characteristic of shrew mandibles?

Answer 10

They have red teeth

Question 11

What are the sclerenchyma cells?

Answer 11

They provide structural support in plants

Question 12

What are arthropod exoskeletons made from?

Answer 12

Chitin

Question 13

Why does temperature rise in the stratosphere?

Answer 13

As UV radiation is absorbed

Question 14

How are nutrients and energy moved in an ecosystem?

Answer 14

The same nutrients are used over and over and energy moves through the system with some being lost as heat.

Question 15

What are the 3 main greenhouse gases?

Answer 15

Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane.

Question 16

What form of nitrogen do plants use for growth?

Answer 16

Nitrate

Question 17

What is the process of biological nitrogen fixation?

Answer 17

The reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia using the nitrogenase enzyme.

Question 18

What is the function of nitrosomonas bacteria?

Answer 18

To facilitate nitrification

Question 19

When is eutrophication most likely to occur?

Answer 19

When phosphorus is no longer limiting

Question 20

What are the 2 main sinks in the phosphorus cycle?

Answer 20

Lithosphere and the hydrosphere

Question 21

What has caused an increase in the amount of available phosphorus to the natural environment?

Answer 21

Increases in fertiliser use and wastewater outputs

Question 22

Carbon has an atomic number of 6 so how can it gain a full outer shell?

Answer 22

By sharing four pairs of electrons

Question 23

What kind of bonding is sodium chloride?

Answer 23

Ionic and water soluble

Question 24

What can the chemical bonding of water be described as?

Answer 24

Covalent bonding with an arrangment forming a dipole, which allows hydrogen bonding between water molecules

Question 25

If soil clay particles have a negative charge, how could this influence pesticides?

Answer 25

Negative charge of clay particles may attract ionizable pesticides, leading to retention in the soil.

Question 26

Where do light independent reaction of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 26

Stroma, which is the cytoplasm of the chloroplasts.

Question 27

What is the purpose of hydrogen in photosynthesis?

Answer 27

It acts as an electron donor in the z-scheme

Question 28

What is required for non cyclic-phosphorylation?

Answer 28

NADP and ATP

Question 29

What wavelength does photosystem II operate at?

Answer 29

680nm

Question 30

What wavelength does photosystem I operate at?

Answer 30

700nm

Question 31

Which plant pigments aid photosynthesis but don't provide light energy to the electron?

Answer 31

Carotenes

Question 32

What is the correct order for mean water residance times from shortest to longest.

Answer 32

Atmosphere, surface oceanic water, benthic oceanic water, cryosphere

Question 33

What rock type is associated with seafloor spreading?

Answer 33

Igneous

Question 34

What happens at a continental and oceanic plate margin?

Answer 34

The denser oceanic plate subducts.

Question 35

What issues may be seen with waterlogged soils?

Answer 35

Shorter growing seasons due to colder soil temperature and higher emissions of N2O a greenhouse gas.

Question 36

What kind of soils are prone to leaching?

Answer 36

Sandy

Question 37

What sound travels the furthest?

Answer 37

Short frequencies and wavelengths.

Question 38

How many molar root holes do mice species have?

Answer 38

House mouse - 3 Wood mouse - 4 Harvest mouse - 5

Question 39

What avian bones are modified to aid feeding?

Answer 39

Hallux and tarsi

Question 40

What is a characteristic of Monocotyledoneae?

Answer 40

Vascular bundles in a ring in the stem

Question 41

Where are parenchyma cells?

Answer 41

Within a plant cortex.

Question 42

What are pedipalps?

Answer 42

The modified second pair of appendaged used as sensory organs, pincers or for movement.

Question 43

What is the main compound that forms mammalian hair or fur?

Answer 43

Keratin