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A Science foundations WEC > Practice questions > Flashcards

Practice questions Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the atmosphere maintains global temperatures due to containing greenhouse gases?

A

Thermosphere

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2
Q

What does cement production result in?

A

Releasing carbonate stored in rock and producing carbon dioxide.

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3
Q

What is nitrogen used for?

A

To form protein for growth and energy and to form ATGC base pairs in DNA

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4
Q

What are the properties of eutrophic water?

A

They have 10-30micrograms/litre of phosphorus, a pH >7 and an organic mud substrate

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5
Q

What are properties of urban water cycles?

A

They have less infiltration and evaporation than natural cycles.

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6
Q

What are most rocks formed from?

A

Silicates

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7
Q

What is the optimum soil pH for nitrogen in nitrophilic plants?

A

6-7.7

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8
Q

Which soil water is most available to plants?

A

Capillary water

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9
Q

Where are birds flight muscles attached?

A

To the sternum

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10
Q

What is a defining characteristic of shrew mandibles?

A

They have red teeth

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11
Q

What are the sclerenchyma cells?

A

They provide structural support in plants

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12
Q

What are arthropod exoskeletons made from?

A

Chitin

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13
Q

Why does temperature rise in the stratosphere?

A

As UV radiation is absorbed

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14
Q

How are nutrients and energy moved in an ecosystem?

A

The same nutrients are used over and over and energy moves through the system with some being lost as heat.

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15
Q

What are the 3 main greenhouse gases?

A

Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane.

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16
Q

What form of nitrogen do plants use for growth?

A

Nitrate

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17
Q

What is the process of biological nitrogen fixation?

A

The reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia using the nitrogenase enzyme.

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18
Q

What is the function of nitrosomonas bacteria?

A

To facilitate nitrification

19
Q

When is eutrophication most likely to occur?

A

When phosphorus is no longer limiting

20
Q

What are the 2 main sinks in the phosphorus cycle?

A

Lithosphere and the hydrosphere

21
Q

What has caused an increase in the amount of available phosphorus to the natural environment?

A

Increases in fertiliser use and wastewater outputs

22
Q

Carbon has an atomic number of 6 so how can it gain a full outer shell?

A

By sharing four pairs of electrons

23
Q

What kind of bonding is sodium chloride?

A

Ionic and water soluble

24
Q

What can the chemical bonding of water be described as?

A

Covalent bonding with an arrangment forming a dipole, which allows hydrogen bonding between water molecules

25
Q

If soil clay particles have a negative charge, how could this influence pesticides?

A

Negative charge of clay particles may attract ionizable pesticides, leading to retention in the soil.

26
Q

Where do light independent reaction of photosynthesis occur?

A

Stroma, which is the cytoplasm of the chloroplasts.

27
Q

What is the purpose of hydrogen in photosynthesis?

A

It acts as an electron donor in the z-scheme

28
Q

What is required for non cyclic-phosphorylation?

A

NADP and ATP

29
Q

What wavelength does photosystem II operate at?

A

680nm

30
Q

What wavelength does photosystem I operate at?

A

700nm

31
Q

Which plant pigments aid photosynthesis but don’t provide light energy to the electron?

A

Carotenes

32
Q

What is the correct order for mean water residance times from shortest to longest.

A

Atmosphere, surface oceanic water, benthic oceanic water, cryosphere

33
Q

What rock type is associated with seafloor spreading?

A

Igneous

34
Q

What happens at a continental and oceanic plate margin?

A

The denser oceanic plate subducts.

35
Q

What issues may be seen with waterlogged soils?

A

Shorter growing seasons due to colder soil temperature and higher emissions of N2O a greenhouse gas.

36
Q

What kind of soils are prone to leaching?

A

Sandy

37
Q

What sound travels the furthest?

A

Short frequencies and wavelengths.

38
Q

How many molar root holes do mice species have?

A

House mouse - 3
Wood mouse - 4
Harvest mouse - 5

39
Q

What avian bones are modified to aid feeding?

A

Hallux and tarsi

40
Q

What is a characteristic of Monocotyledoneae?

A

Vascular bundles in a ring in the stem

41
Q

Where are parenchyma cells?

A

Within a plant cortex.

42
Q

What are pedipalps?

A

The modified second pair of appendaged used as sensory organs, pincers or for movement.

43
Q

What is the main compound that forms mammalian hair or fur?

A

Keratin

A Science foundations WEC (15 decks)

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