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Personality Psychology > Practice Questions > Flashcards

Practice Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Usually, combing data from multiple observers is…

A) More confusing and less precise than using data from a single observer.

B) Less reliable and less valid than data obtained by a single clinical psychologist.

C) More valid and more reliable than using data obtained by a single observer.

D) More reliable and more valid than using single measures of personality.

A

C) More valid and more reliable than using data obtained by a single observer.

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2
Q

The proportion of phenotypic variance that is attributable to genotypic variance is known as…?

a) heritability
b) variance
c) genome
d) eugenics

A

A) Heritability

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3
Q

According to Hans Eysenck’s personality taxonomy, a warrior would most likely score high on the trait of…

psychoticism.

extraversion.

quarrelsomeness.

neuroticism.

A

psychoticism.

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4
Q

Which of the following is a way for an individual to express with numbers the degree to which a particular trait describes him or her?

A Likert rating scale

The California Psychological Inventory Dominance scale

A forced-choice questionnaire

The Self-Deceptive Enhancement subscale

A

A Likert rating scale

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5
Q

Where there was a flood in the country of Octavia, the able citizens came forward to help the needy. They especially took care of women, elders, and young children. They made available food and clothing to the people who had been hit hard by the flood. This scenario most likely exemplifies…

A) A rank order
B) Situational selection
C) A strong situation
D) Manipulation

A

C) A strong situation

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6
Q

In the context of the nature-nature debate, which of the following statements is true about physical difference among people?

A) Genetic and environmental differences have no significant effect on occupational preferences

B) Genetic differences are more important than environmental differences in terms of mate preferences

C) Genetic and environmental factors are roughly equal when it comes to individual differences in weight.

D) Environmental differences are overwhelmingly important for individual differences in height

A

C) Genetic and environmental factors are roughly equal when it comes to individual differences in weight.

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7
Q

According to H. J. Eysenck, extraverts seek out social situations and stimulating activities because they…

A) need to get their arousal higher level

B) have high levels of anxiety when they are alone

C) Have overactive ascending reticular activating systems

D) have greater impulse control in social situations

A

A) need to get their arousal higher level

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8
Q

Joshua is extremely talkative and can liven up any social gathering. He does not believe in retirement plans and would rather spend his money on vacations. His family enjoys the solitude of mountains; however, he prefers beach holidays. In the context of the empirical correlates of the Big Five factors. Joshua is most likely to score high on _____…

a) Emotional stability
b) consciousness
c) agreeableness
d) extroversion

A

D) extroversion

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9
Q

The concept of rank order stability suggests that…

A.traits are not consistent over time within an individual.

B.relative trait levels are unaffected by the chronological age of an individual.

C.trait levels in an individual may decrease with age when compared to the general population

D.a person with more of a trait at one time will have a different trait score at another time.

A

B.relative trait levels are unaffected by the chronological age of an individual.

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10
Q

In the context of marital stability, Buss found that husbands with low ___ when first assessed tended later in life to have extramarital affairs…

A) neuroticism
B) impulse control
C) dominance
D) extraversion

A

B) impulse control

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11
Q

Jerry is a loner, and he likes to catch flies and pulls their wings of. He is also addicted to violent movies. According to Hans Eysenck’s personality taxonomy, Jerry is most likely to score high on the personality trait of…

A) Introversion
B) Psychoticism
C) sensation seeking
D) neuroticism

A

B) psychoticism

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12
Q

If dominance correlates positively with ego strength, then

A) Dominance causes ego strength

B) ego strength causes dominance

C) people who score high on dominance also tend to score high on ego-strength.

D) people who score high on dominance also tend to score low on ego-strength.

A

C) people who score high on dominance also tend to score high on ego-strength.

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13
Q

The human nature level of personality analysis addresses how every human being is, in certain respects ____

A) Like all others
B) like some others
C) like no others
D) Somewhat like other mammals

A

A) like all others

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14
Q

Which of the following is by far the most commonly used self-report assessment procedure?

a) interview method
b) periodic report method
c) questionnaire method
d) experience sampling method

A

c) questionnaire method

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15
Q

Trait psychology has sometimes been called _____ psychology

a) social
b) differential
c) cognitive
d) developmental

A

b) differential

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16
Q

The fact that selective breeding has been so successful with dogs suggests that…

a) heredity must be a factor in personality traits.
b) human personality is heritable
c) the equal environments assumptions is not violated
d) the assumption of representativeness is not violated

A

A)heredity must be a factor in personality traits.

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17
Q

When people maintain their relative positions over time, the group displays high…

a) mean level stability
b) rank-order stability
c) personality coherence
d) situational specificity

A

b) rank order stability

18
Q

In a longitudinal study spanning 40 years, Avshalom Caspi and his colleagues found that men who as children had been classified as having explosive temper tantrums….

a) earned more promotions for valor
b) achieved lower military ranks
c) earned more medals for bravery
d) benefited from military discipline

A

b) achieved lower military ranks.

19
Q

In order to select personnel for a job, a psychologist would NOT…

a) determine the special challenges of the job
b) develop hypotheses about the kind of personality traits best suited for the job
c) measure the traits of the job applicant
d) use a series of Barnum statements to assess personality

A

d) use a series of Barnum statements to assess personality.

20
Q

The idea that underlying personality traits are less important circumstances in determining behaviour is known as…

a) aggregation
b) situationism
c) acquiesces
d) social desirability

A

b) situationism

21
Q

In the context of the combinations of Big Five variables, obedience to authority in a Milgram-like experiment is more likely among people…

a) high in extraversion and high in neuroticism
b) high in conscientiousness and high in agreeableness
c) low in extraversion and low in emotional stability
d) low in openness to experience and low in psychotism

A

b) high in conscientiousness and high in agreeableness.

22
Q

Which of the following sources of personality data places participants in a standardised testing situation to obtain personality-relevant information?

Self report
Observer data
Test data
Life-outcome data

A

Test data

23
Q

Which of the following statements is true about psychologists who view traits as internal disposition?

A) they avoid prejudging the case of an individual’s behaviour

B) they argue that the important individual differences among people must be first identified and described, and subsequently causal theories to explain them must be developed

c) they believe that traits can lie dormant in the sense that the capacities remain present even when particular behaviours are not actually expressed
d) they believe that traits can lie dormant in the sense that the capacities remain present even when particular behaviours are not actually expressed

A

C) They believe that traits can lie dormant in the sense that the capacities remain present even when particular behaviors are not actually expressed.

24
Q

David, an extravert, and Tom, and introvert, are studying in a room with blaring music. Based on genotype-environment interactions, _____

a) tom will most likely study better than David due to the background music
b) David will fine the blaring music more distracting than tome
c) tom will find the blaring music much more distracting than David
d) both David and tom will start listening to the music and scheme to postpone the test by a week

A

c) Tom will find the blaring music much more distracting than David

25
Q

Kevin, a 20-year old college student, loves to part and participate in adventure sports. He is extremely talkative and can liven up any dull moment. He is sociable and loves being the centre of attention in every gathering. In the context of the three important assumptions that form the basic foundation for trait psychology, which Kevin becomes a senior citizen, he is most likely to:

a) remain socially active
b) get involved in antisocial acts
c) become shy and moody
d) prefer spending time alone

A

a) remain socially active.

26
Q

The item “whenever I walk up stairs, I always do son on my hands” on a questionnaire assesses…

a) carelessness
b) seriousness
c) faking
d) extraversion

A

carelessness

27
Q

In the context of the combination of Big Five variables, happiness and experiencing positive affect in everyday life are best predicted by?

a) high conscientious and high agreeableness
b) high extraversion and high agreeableness
c) high extraversion and low neuroticism
d) high intellect and low neuroticism

A

high extraversion and low neuroticism.

28
Q

Which of the following indicates that the more important is an individual difference in human transactions, the more languages will have a term for it?

a) cross-cultural universality
b) intellect-opennes
c) synonym frequency
d) act frequency formulation

A

Cross-cultural universality

29
Q

Which of the following statements about heritability is NOT true?

a) heritability can be applied to an individual
b) heritability can change over time
c) the heritability of the same trait can be different in different groups
d) the phenotype is the expression of a characteristics genotype

A

a) Heritability can be applied to an individual.

30
Q

A person’s police record would most likely be considered ?

a) self report data
b) observer report data
c) test data
d) life-outcome data

A

self-report data

31
Q

In Hans Eysenck’s hierarchical model, each super-trait is at:

a) the top of the hierarchy
b) the bottom of the hierarchy
c) an intermediate level in the hierarchy
d) the this level of the hierarchy

A

the top of the hierarchy

32
Q

The trait courageousness is an especially good example of?

a) how thats change over time
b) how traits are activated only under certain conditions
c) an adaptive trait
d) how traits are consistent

A

how traits are activated only under certain conditions.

33
Q

In the context of evaluation of observer-based personality measures, when different observers fail to agree with each other, the measure is said to have low:

a) face validity
b) discriminant validity
c) inter-rate reliability
d) test-retest reliability

A

test-retest reliability.

34
Q

Research has found that ____ tend to score low on the sensation-seeking scale:

A. people who enjoy skydiving

B. people who have more sexual partners

C. students who volunteer for unconventional psychology experiments

D. endure sensory deprivation conditions for long periods of time

A

D. endure sensory deprivation conditions for long periods of time

35
Q

Which of the following approaches uses the statistical procedure of factor analysis?

A. The act frequency approach

B. The lexical approach

C. The theoretical approach

D. The statistical approach

A

D. The statistical approach

36
Q

____ is the process of adding up, or averaging, several single observation, resulting in a better measure of a personality trait than a single observation of behaviour

A. situational selection
B. aggregation
C. evocation
D. manipulation

A

B. aggregation

37
Q

Which of the following statements is true about case studies, one of the basic research designs in the duel of personality psychology?

a) they are typically used for identifying patterns of covariation across individuals as they occur in nature
b) They can be easily generalised to anyone beyond the single individual being studied
c) They are ideally suited for generating hypotheses that can be tested subsequently using other research designs.
d) they are ideally suited for establishing casual relationships among variables

A

They are ideally suited for generating hypotheses that can be tested subsequently using other research designs.

38
Q

Features of personality that make people different from one another and that can be used to describe their characteristics are called?

a) differential pronouns
b) trait-descriptive adjectives
c) action-descriptive verbs
d) trait-differentiating adverbs

A

trait-descriptive adjectives

39
Q

Victor, a 35-years-old, is generally a very friendly, outgoing, and sociable person. In the context of the three important assumptions that form the basic foundation for trait psychology, trait psychologists tend to assume that he…

a) will have a greater degree of these traits in the future
b) was probably a non-social, unfriendly, and withdrawn child
c) will be friendly, outgoing, and sociable even in the future
d) will have a lesser degree of these traits in the future.

A

will be friendly, outgoing, and sociable even in the future.

40
Q

The percentage of observed variance in a group of individuals that can be attributed to non genetic differences is called?

a) heritability
b) photopic variance
c) genotypic variance
d) environmentality

A

environmentality

41
Q

A heritability of .30 means that ____ of the observed phenotypic variation is attributable to ____

a) 70 percent; an environmental difference
b) 70 percent; genotypic variation
c) 30 percent; an environmental difference
d) 30 percent; genotypic variation

A

30%, genotypic variation

Personality Psychology (5 decks)

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