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Personality Psychology > CHAPTER 19: Disorders of Personality > Flashcards

CHAPTER 19: Disorders of Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Kody Scott, a gang member nicknamed “Monster,” is a violent person who craves excitement, fears nothing, and has no guilt feelings.Scott most likely has _____ personality disorder.

A)antisocial
B)paranoid
C)schizotypal
D)narcissistic

A

A)antisocial

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2
Q

Personality disorders usually include the following problems EXCEPT:

A)difficulties with social relationships.
B)emotional problems.
C)deficits in intelligence.
D)problems with self-concept.

A

C)deficits in intelligence.

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3
Q

Personality disorders can be thought of as:

A)exaggerated levels of cognitive activity.

B)maladaptive variations or combinations of normal personality traits.

C)special categories of abnormal personality traits.

D)extreme levels of emotionality that remain unaffected by personality traits.

A

B)maladaptive variations or combinations of normal personality traits.

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4
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true about motivation as a building block of personality disorders?

A) An exaggerated need for power at high levels may result in a maladaptive personality disorder.

B)Variations in normal personality traits are not related to maladaptive personality disorders.

C)Individuals with maladaptive personality disorders may have a lack of motivation for intimacy.

D)An extreme need for superiority is found in individuals with narcissistic personality disorder.

A

B)Variations in normal personality traits are not related to maladaptive personality disorders.

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5
Q

The field of _____ psychology is the study of the various mental disorders, including thought disorders, emotional disorders, and personality disorders.

A)differential
B)abnormal
C)health
D)social

A

B)abnormal

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6
Q

A statistical definition of abnormal focuses on:

A) ways in which behavior causes an individual to suffer.

B) ways in which behaviors cause a community to suffer.

C) characteristics that are rare in a given population.

D) ways in which standard personality traits can be seen as abnormal.

A

C) characteristics that are rare in a given population.

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7
Q

Both statistical and social definitions of abnormality _____.

A) suffer from changing times and changing social or cultural norms

B) are unable to determine what behaviors are not acceptable in a society

C) are unable to collect data on atypical behaviors

D) are unable to take into account the fact that every person is unique

A

A)suffer from changing times and changing social or cultural norms

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8
Q

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV):

A) is a gene related to dopamine.

B) was based on a categorical view of personality disorders.

C)is a personality disorder.

D) was a statistical technique to determine validity.

A

B) was based on a categorical view of personality disorders.

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9
Q

_____ is an enduring pattern of experience and behavior that differs greatly from the expectations of an individual’s culture.

A)Abnormal psychology
B)A disorder
C)A personality disorder
D)Psychopathy

A

C)A personality disorder

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10
Q

A behavioural problem is NOT considered a personality disorder if it:

A)results from drug abuse.
B)has been evident since childhood.
C)is an enduring pattern of behavior.
D)leads to clinically significant stress.

A

A)results from drug abuse.

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11
Q

All forms of personality disorder involve:

A)avoidance of social situations.
B)impaired social relationships.
C)indifference to social rules.
D)an erratic pattern of behavior.

A

B)impaired social relationships.

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12
Q

According to _____, a person either has a disorder or does not have a disorder.

A) abnormal psychologists
B) the neurotic paradox
C) a dimensional view of personality disorders
D) a categorical view of personality disorders

A

D) a categorical view of personality disorders

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13
Q

_____ holds that there is a qualitative break between abnormal and normal personalities.

A)A dimensional view of personality disorders
B)A categorical view of personality disorders
C)The neurotic paradox
D)The narcissistic paradox

A

A)A dimensional view of personality disorders

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14
Q

According to a dimensional view of personality disorders, each disorder:

A) is seen as a qualitative break between abnormal and normal personalities.

B) is seen as a continuum, ranging from normality at one end to severe disability or disturbance at the other.

C) is bimodal, with both normal and abnormal modes of behaviours.

D) has a different mean level of abnormality in a given population.

A

B)is seen as a continuum, ranging from normality at one end to severe disability or disturbance at the other.

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15
Q

Modern personality theorists argued that the _____ view of personality disorders provides a reliable and meaningful way to describe _____.

A) dimensional; the personality disorders

B) categorical; a qualitative break between normal and abnormal personalities

C) dimensional; a qualitative break between normal and abnormal personalities

D) categorical; extreme forms of normal personality traits

A

A) dimensional; the personality disorders

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16
Q

Adolescents who experiment with different identities:

A) will most likely grow out of this stage

B) most likely have narcissistic personality disorder.

C) most likely have borderline personality disorder.

D) most likely have histrionic personality disorder.

A

A) will most likely grow out of this stage

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17
Q

Chinn has recently shifted to Buffalo, New York from Singapore. He usually seems depressed and withdrawn. Chinn’s problems are most likely due to:

A) an antisocial personality disorder.
B) his recent shift to Buffalo.
C) the narcissistic American culture.
D) his basic personality traits.

A

B) his recent shift to Buffalo.

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18
Q

People with _____ personality disorder have also been referred to as sociopaths or psychopaths.

A) borderline
B) antisocial
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) schizoid

A

B)antisocial

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19
Q

Ron is 11 years old and enjoys torturing snakes.He disobeys his parents and usually engages in acts of stealing and destroying property.Ron most likely has _____ personality disorder.

A)schizoid
B)antisocial
C)histrionic
D)schizotypal

A

B)antisocial

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20
Q

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with:

A)withdrawal symptoms in childhood.
B)aggression and cruelty in childhood.
C)hallucinations in childhood.
D)paranoid behavior in childhood.

A

B)aggression and cruelty in childhood.

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21
Q

If a child exhibits no signs of conduct problems by age 16, it is:

A)unlikely that he or she will develop an antisocial personality disorder as an adult.

B)likely that he or she will develop an antisocial personality disorder.

C)likely that that he or she will develop an avoidant personality disorder.

D)unlikely that he or she will develop an avoidant personality disorder.

A

A)unlikely that he or she will develop an antisocial personality disorder as an adult.

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22
Q

Which of the following is a key characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

A)Excessive need to be taken care of

B)Self-mutilating behavior and suicidal tendencies

C)Lack of remorse and guilt feelings

D)Fears of abandonment

A

C) Lack of remorse and guilt feelings

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23
Q

While walking past a toy car in a store, Mark had an impulsive desire to steal it and quickly slipped it into his pocket. When he was arrested, he lied to the store manager that he did not steal the toy car and it must have been placed in his pocket by someone else. Mark most likely has _____ personality disorder.

A)schizoid
B)antisocial
C)borderline
D)histrionic

A

B) antisocial

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24
Q

People with _____ personality disorder are unlikely to feel remorse when they cause others to suffer.

A)schizoid
B)antisocial
C)avoidant
D)histrionic

A

B) antisocial

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25
Q

Some researchers have theorised that one cause of _____ personality disorder might be deficiency in the ability to experience fear.

A)antisocial
B)paranoid
C)histrionic
D)schizoid

A

A)antisocial

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26
Q

Using Jeffrey Gray’s theory of personality to explain antisocial personality disorder, we might hypothesise that psychopaths have a:

A)strong behavioral inhibition system (BIS).

B)weak behavioral inhibition system (BIS).

C)strong behavioral activation system (BAS).

D)weak behavioral activation system (BAS).

A

B)weak behavioral inhibition system (BIS).

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27
Q

The lives of persons with borderline personality disorder are primarily marked by:

A)insanity.
B)instability.
C)impotency.
D)insecurity.

A

B)instability.

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28
Q

People with _____ personality disorder have unstable emotions, unstable relationships, unstable behavior, and unstable images of themselves.

A)borderline
B)dependent
C)narcissistic
D)schizotypal

A

A)borderline

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29
Q

Individuals with _____ personality disorder are most likely to engage in self-mutilating behavior or attempt suicide in their efforts to manipulate people back into their relationships.

A)schizoid
B)dependent
C)borderline
D)histrionic

A

C)borderline

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30
Q

People with _____ personality disorder are most likely to have intense, emotional, and potentially violent relationships.

A)antisocial
B)schizoid
C)borderline
D)dependent

A

C)borderline

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31
Q

Which of the following is a key characteristic of borderline personality disorder?

A)Sexual provocativeness
B)Indifference to the suffering of others
C)Failure to conform to social norms
D)Fears of abandonment

A

D)Fears of abandonment

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32
Q

All of the following characteristics help borderline persons to experience a satisfying relationship EXCEPT finding someone:

A)who is very patient.

B)who is accepting and stable.

C)who concentrates on trouble as it occurs.

D)who meets their expectations for commitment.

A

C)who concentrates on trouble as it occurs.

33
Q

Many researchers believe that borderline personality disorder is caused by:

A) being very spoiled as a child.

B) a strong behavioural activation system (BAS).

C) an early loss of love from parents.

D) desensitisation to the emotions of other individuals.

A

C) an early loss of love from parents.

34
Q

When children come to believe that others are not to be trusted, they are most likely to develop _____ personality disorder.

A)obsessive-compulsive
B)histrionic
C)borderline
D)narcissistic

A

C)borderline

35
Q

People with _____ personality disorder are often sexually provocative in inappropriate ways.

A)schizotypal
B)histrionic
C)obsessive-compulsive
D)borderline

A

B)histrionic

36
Q

Which of the following are the hallmarks of histrionic personality disorder?

A) Instability and self-mutilating behaviour

B) Excessive attention seeking and emotionality

C) Lack of remorse and indifference to the suffering of others

D) Excessive need to be taken care of and seeking out reassurance from others

A

B)Excessive attention seeking and emotionality

37
Q

Roger loves to be the center of attention.He usually seeks attention by being overly dramatic and changes his opinions suddenly.Roger most likely has _____ personality disorder.

A)histrionic
B)impulsive
C)borderline
D)dependent

A

A)histrionic

38
Q

A woman who wears excessive makeup, has an overly elaborate hairstyle, and dresses in flashy clothes is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

A)histrionic
B)antisocial
C)borderline
D)dependent

A

A)histrionic

39
Q

Socially, histrionic individuals are difficult to get along with, due to their excessive need for:

A)intimacy.
B)achievement.
C)attention.
D)power.

A

C)attention.

40
Q

In the context of the erratic cluster of personality disorders, which of the following disorders is characterised by a strong need to be admired, a strong sense of self-importance, and a lack of insight into other people’s feelings?

A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Antisocial personality disorder
C)Histrionic personality disorder
D)Narcissistic personality disorder

A

D)Narcissistic personality disorder

41
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the narcissistic paradox?

A)Although narcissists score high on irresponsibility, their irresponsible behaviour leads to innovation.

B)Although narcissists have high self-esteem, their grandiose self-esteem is actually quite fragile.

C)Although narcissists refrain from sexually provocative behaviour, they are highly comfortable in intimate relationships.

D)Although narcissists are characterized by instability,they actually have satisfying relationships.

A

B)Although narcissists have high self-esteem, their grandiose self-esteem is actually quite fragile.

42
Q

Which of the following is a key characteristic of people with narcissistic personality disorder?

A)They exhibit an ability to recognise others’ needs.
B)They exhibit feelings of entitlement.
C)They rarely become envious of others.
D)They are insensitive to criticism.

A

B)They exhibit feelings of entitlement.

43
Q

Kim has an extremely strong sense of entitlement.She believes that she is the most important supervisor in her firm and expects others to constantly praise and admire her.Kim most likely has _____ personality disorder.

A)histrionic
B)narcissistic
C)schizoid
D)dependent

A

B)narcissistic

44
Q

People who have narcissistic personality disorder:

A)generally do not achieve much in life.
B)are insensitive to the needs of others.
C)tend to be very suggestible.
D)have shallow opinions that change easily.

A

B)are insensitive to the needs of others.

45
Q

People with _____ personality disorder most likely experience little pleasure from bodily or sensory experiences, such as eating or having sex.

A)antisocial
B)histrionic
C)avoidant
D)schizoid

A

D)schizoid

46
Q

Which of the following is a key characteristic of schizoid people?

A)They love being praised for their accomplishments.
B)They exhibit excessive attention-seeking behaviour.
C)They fear being abandoned in relationships.
D)They often appear inept or socially clumsy.

A

D)They often appear inept or socially clumsy.

47
Q

People with _____ personality disorder are more likely to stare at other people without initiating any social interaction.

A)avoidant
B)schizoid
C)schizotypal
D)obsessive-compulsive

A

B)schizoid

48
Q

Unlike a schizoid person, a schizotypal person is:

A)preoccupied with order and strives to be perfect.
B)acutely uncomfortable in social relationships.
C)likely to seek out reassurance from others.
D)highly likely to engage in self-mutilating behavior.

A

B) acutely uncomfortable in social relationships.

49
Q

_____ people feel that they are different from others or that they do not fit in with a group.

A)Schizoid
B)Schizotypal
C)Antisocial
D)Borderline

A

B)Schizotypal

50
Q

Which of the following is a key characteristic of people with schizotypal personalities?

A)They are indifferent to social interaction.
B)They suffer from strong fears of abandonment.
C)They are odd and eccentric and may believe in magic.
D)They have an excessive need to be taken care of.

A

C)They are odd and eccentric and may believe in magic.

51
Q

A person who experiences unusual sensations that border on hallucinations most likely has _____ personality disorder.

A)schizotypal
B)schizoid
C)antisocial
D)avoidant

A

A)schizotypal

52
Q

Francis believes in ghosts and spends most of his time reading about ghosts and visiting haunted houses.He feels that other people are looking at him and hears murmurs that sound like his name.Francis is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

A)schizotypal
B)schizoid
C)eccentric
D)histrionic

A

A)schizotypal

53
Q

Which of the following traits is NOT part of a questionnaire developed for assessing schizotypal traits and published by Mason, Claridge, and Jackson (1995)?

A)Cognitive disorganisation
B)Unusual experiences
C)Conformity
D)Tendency to avoid people

A

C)Conformity

54
Q

People with _____ personality disorder are extremely distrustful of others and see others as constant threats.

A)avoidant
B)antisocial
C)histrionic
D)paranoid

A

D)paranoid

55
Q

_____ is a common manifestation of paranoid personality disorder.

A)Sense of superiority
B)Pathological jealousy
C)Sexual provocativeness
D)Lack of remorse

A

B) Pathological jealousy

56
Q

Gerta suspects that her husband is unfaithful, even though there is no objective evidence of infidelity.She goes to great lengths to find support for her jealous beliefs and restricts his activities.She does not believe his accounts of how he spent his time or his claims of faithfulness Gerta is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

A)antisocial
B)histrionic
C)paranoid
D)schizotypal

A

C)paranoid

57
Q

Maggie Scarf (1996), a reporter writing in the New Republic magazine, presented her view that Ted Kaczynski most likely had _____ personality disorder.

A)antisocial
B)narcissistic
C)borderline
D)avoidant

A

B)narcissistic

58
Q

Which of the following terms best illustrates the fact that although a behaviour pattern successfully solves one problem for a person, it may create or maintain another equally or more severe problem?

A)The neurotic paradox
B)The directionality problem
C)The false consensus effect
D)The optimistic bias

A

A)The neurotic paradox

59
Q

A pervasive feeling of inadequacy and sensitivity to criticism from others is a salient feature of _____.

A)antisocial personality disorder
B)avoidant personality disorder
C)histrionic personality disorder
D)schizoid personality disorder

A

B)avoidant personality disorder

60
Q

People with avoidant personality disorder:

A)have extremely high self-esteem.

B)have an aloof style of interaction.

C)restrict their activities to avoid potential embarrassments.

D)reject any external criticism of their behavior.

A

C)restrict their activities to avoid potential embarrassments.

61
Q

Which of the following is a key characteristic of avoidant personality disorder?

A)Fear of criticism or disapproval

B)Strong need for attention

C)Self-mutilating behaviour

D)Pathological jealousy

A

A)Fear of criticism or disapproval

62
Q

Elika refuses to present a topic in psychology in front of her class.She is extremely worried about her professor’s and classmates’ reactions to her ideas and fears being criticized. Her refusal to present the topic is most likely a sign of _____ personality disorder.

A)avoidant

B)histrionic

C)nervous

D)distressed

A

A)avoidant

63
Q

People with an excessive need to be taken care of most likely have _____ personality disorder.

A)avoidant
B)histrionic
C)dependent
D)narcissistic

A

C)dependent

64
Q

Linda has trouble working independently and is willing to tolerate abuse and submit to unreasonable demands of her colleagues.She avoids disagreements at all costs.Linda most likely has _____ personality disorder.

A)dependent
B)eccentric
C)obsessive
D)paranoid

A

A)dependent

65
Q

Which of the following is a key characteristic of dependent persons?

A)They have an excessive need to be taken care of.

B)They exhibit an excessive attention-seeking behavior.

C)They show devotion to work at the expense of leisure and friendships.

D)They give utmost importance to physical appearance.

A

A)They have an excessive need to be taken care of.

66
Q

A person who is preoccupied with order and strives to be perfect most likely has _____ personality disorder.

A)histrionic

B)dependent

C)antisocial

D)obsessive-compulsive

A

D) obsessive-compulsive

67
Q

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are likely to:

A)put play before work.

B)hold very high standards for themselves.

C)avoid social contact.

D)have a poor self-concept.

A

B)hold very high standards for themselves.

68
Q

Which of the following is a key characteristic of people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A)They display strong emotions in public that might get embarrassing for friends and family.

B)They engage in self-mutilating behaviour to win people back into their relationships.

C)They are extremely distrustful of others and see others as a constant threat.

D)They show devotion to work at the expense of leisure and friendships.

A

D)They show devotion to work at the expense of leisure and friendships.

69
Q

Alejandro goes to church every Sunday and is inflexible with regard to morals and ethics. He is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

A)obsessive-compulsive
B)dependent
C)paranoid
D)histrionic

A

A)obsessive-compulsive

70
Q

In the context of the prevalence rates of personality disorders, _____ personality disorder is the most common disorder.

A)histrionic
B)dependent
C)avoidant
D)obsessive-compulsive

A

D)obsessive-compulsive

71
Q

In the context of the prevalence rates of personality disorders, the least common disorder is _____ personality disorder.

A)antisocial
B)borderline
C)narcissistic
D)schizoid

A

C)narcissistic

72
Q

At any given time, approximately _____ percent of a given population is diagnosable with a personality disorder of one or more types.

A)0.02
B)0.05
C)13
D)25

A

C)13

73
Q

Which of the following terms can be best defined as the presence of two or more disorders in one person?

A)Comorbidity
B)Prevalence
C)Counterbalancing
D)Self-handicapping

A

A)Comorbidity

74
Q

Which of the following personality disorders has the most disparate gender distribution, which occurs in men with a prevalence rate of about 4.5 percent and in women at only about a 0.8 percent prevalence rate?

A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Narcissistic personality disorder
C)Histrionic personality disorder
D)Antisocial personality disorder

A

D)Antisocial personality disorder

75
Q

According to a dimensional model of personality disorders,_____ results in avoidant personality disorder.

A)high conscientiousness

B)low neuroticism accompanied by high extraversion

C)extreme introversion accompanied by extremely high neuroticism

D)low agreeableness accompanied by high openness

A

C)extreme introversion accompanied by extremely high neuroticism

76
Q

According to a dimensional model of personality disorders, histrionic personality disorder is characterised as extreme:

A)extraversion.
B)agreeableness.
C)conscientiousness.
D)neuroticism.

A

A)extraversion.

77
Q

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)maintains a _____ model of personality disorders.

A)dimensional
B)categorical
C)qualitative
D)taxonomic

A

B)categorical

78
Q

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)maintains a _____ model of personality disorders.

A)dimensional
B)categorical
C)qualitative
D)taxonomic

A

B)categorical .

Personality Psychology (5 decks)

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