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Personality Psychology > CHAPTER 15: Personality and Social Interaction > Flashcards

CHAPTER 15: Personality and Social Interaction Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which personality interacts with situations?

A) Evocation
B) Satisfaction
C) Selection
D) Manipulation

A

B) Satisfaction

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2
Q

People consider personality traits mostly when they ____ friends.

A) manipulate
B) evoke
C) select
D) argue with

A

C) Select

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3
Q

When a person’s behaviour unintentionally elicits a certain response from another person, we observe:

A) manipulation
B) selection
C) evocation
D) provocation

A

C) evocation

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4
Q

An amicable person usually elicits a friendly and polite reaction from others; this situation best examples ____.

A) manipulation
B) sublimation
C) evocation
D) projection

A

C) evocation

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5
Q

Influencing other people’s behaviour intentionally is known as:

A) Manipulation
B) selection
C) evocation
D) stagnation

A

A) Manipulation

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6
Q

A scenario in which a boy persuades his brother to steal some candy demonstrated the concept of:

A) manipulation
B) selection
C) evocation
D) stagnation

A

A) manipulation

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7
Q

According to international research, the characteristic most desirable in a mate is:

A) extraversion
B) mutual attraction or love
C) intellect-openness
D) agreeableness

A

B) mutual attraction or love

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8
Q

Which of the following plays a central role in what people worldwide look for in a long-term mate?

A) political ideology
B) personality characteristics
C) health
D) good looks

A

B) personality characteristics

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9
Q

The complementary needs theory states that individuals are attracted to those who:

A) have different personality dispositions than they have

B) fulfils their needs for being complimented and flattered

C) have personality characteristics similar to their own

D) have characteristics that are related to marital satisfaction

A

A) have different personality dispositions than they have

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10
Q

Francis, who is a miserable cook is looking for a spouse who is a wonderful cook. Francis’ preference for someone who cooks well best supports the ____ hypothesis on human mating

A) assortative mating
B) complementary needs
C) wishful thinking
D) self-deception

A

B) complementary needs

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11
Q

_____ suggests that individuals are married to people who are similar to themselves.

A) long-term mating
B) mirror-image mating
C) assortative mating
D) matching hypothesis

A

C) assortative mating

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12
Q

investigators have found evidence for assortative mating:

A) on for +, weight, etc.

B) only for psychological characteristics, such as attitudes, beliefs, personality, traits, etc.

C) in a few selected variables that are important in the area of evolutionary psychology

D) for almost every variable that has been investigated

A

D) for almost every variable that has been investigated

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13
Q

In a matrimonial advertisement, Samantha mentions that she is very outgoing, conscientious, and open to experience and that she is looking for similar characteristics in her potential mate. Her advertisement best supports the ___ hypothesis of mate selection.

A) assortative mating
B) complimentary needs
C) wishful thinking
D) self deception

A

A) assortative mating

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14
Q

According to the assortative mating phenomenon, individuals who score high on extraversion scales will prefer potential mates who score high on:

A) neuroticism
B) agreeableness
C) extraversion
D) conscientiousness

A

C) extraversion

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15
Q

Botwin and colleagues found that individuals preferred mates with personality traits that:

A) made up for deficits in their own personality traits
B) were strongly skewed to the positive pole of each personality trait
C) were similar to their own personality traits
D) were similar to their opposite sex parent’s personality traits

A

C) were similar to their own personality traits

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16
Q

Correlations between the preferences that individuals express for the ideal personality characteristics of their mates and the actual personality characteristics of their obtained mates are:

A) weakly positive
B) moderately positive
C) weakly negative
D) close to zero

A

B) moderately positive

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17
Q

People whose ratings of their preferred partner are close to the personality characteristics of the person they are married to are:

A) much more satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal partner

B) slightly more satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal partner

C) less satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal partner

D) no different from other people in terms of marital satisfaction

A

D) no different from other people in terms of marital satisfaction

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18
Q

People who are married to someone who scores high on all of the following personality traits EXCEPT ____ tend to be more satisfied with their relationships than individuals whose spouses score low on this trait

A) agreeableness
B) extraversion
C) emotional stability
D) openness to experience

A

A) agreeableness

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19
Q

People who are married to an individual who scores high on agreeableness report higher levels of marital satisfaction:

A) if their spouse also scores high on emotional instability
B) if their spouse also scores low on intellect-openness
C) if their spouse also scores high on extraversion
D) irrespective of their spouse scoring high or low on other personality traits

A

D) irrespective of their spouse scoring high or low on other personality traits

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20
Q

women married to men who score high on intellect-openness rate the:

A) frequency of laughing with spouse facet of marital satisfaction as being high

B) enjoyment of time spent with spouse facet of marital satisfaction as being high

C) sexual facet of marital satisfaction as being high

D) love and affection expressed facet of marital satisfaction as being high

A

D) love and affection expressed facet of marital satisfaction as being high

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21
Q

According to the violation of desire theory, people are most likely to break up with mates:

A) with whom they are no longer romantically infatuated
B) who violate their partner’s desire to reach an optimal level of reproduction
C) who lack the desired personality characteristics such as dependability, or pleasing disposition in a mate
D) who no longer meets they complementary needs

A

C) who lack the desired personality characteristics such as dependability, or pleasing disposition in a mate

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22
Q

According to George Kelly, and Conley (1987), ____ has been the most consistent personality predictor of martial

A) emotional instability
B) introversion
C) disagreeableness
D) low conscientiousness

A

A) emotional instability

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23
Q

In the context of personality and the selective breakup of couples, which of the following is a salient feature of emotionally unstable individuals?

A) They prefer being alone and avoid relationships
B) They encourage social contact between their partner and others
C) They worry more about a partner’s infidelity
D) They remain neutral when their partner engages in sex with others

A

C) They worry more about a partner’s infidelity

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24
Q

low levels of which of the following personality traits is NOT correlated with a higher likelihood of divorce or breakup in a relationship?

A) agreeableness
B) emotional stability
C) conscientiousness
D) openness

A

openness

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25
Q

According to the ____, breakups should occur more when one’s desires are violated than when they are fulfilled

A) violation of desire theory
B) assortative mating hypothesis
C) complementary needs hypothesis
D) attraction similarity theory

A

A) violation of desire theory

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26
Q

_____ is defined as a tendency to feel tense, anxious, or worried during social interactions or even when anticipating a social interaction

A) openness
B) emotional stability
C) expectation confirmation
D) shyness

A

D) shyness

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27
Q

When evaluating the effects of shyness on the selection of situations, shy women have been found to be ____.

A) more likely to see a gynaecologist
B) less likely to see a gynaecologist
C) more likely to bring up the issue of contraception with their partners
D) more likely to avoid potentially dangerous sexual situations

A

B) less likely to see a gynaecologist

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28
Q

Shy people engage in all of the following behaviours EXCEPT that they:

A) take fewer risks
B) avoid other people
C) are more likely to get divorced
D) create socially isolating situations

A

C) are more likely to get divorced

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29
Q

The following are all examples of how personality traits guide the selection of situations EXCEPT that individuals scoring high on:

A) sensation seeking avoid risky situations
B) psychotics choose volatile and spontaneous situations
C) Machiavellianism prefer face-to-face situations
D) empathy are likely to volunteer for community activities

A

A) sensation seeking avoid risky situations

30
Q

Individuals who score high on sensations seeking scales prefer NOT to select situations that:

A) are characterised by high-risk sexual behaviour
B) involve unusual psychological experiments on drugs or sex
C) consists of a series of highly-repetitive tasks
D) frequently involve attending parties where alcohol or drugs are available

A

C) consists of a series of highly-repetitive tasks

31
Q

Highly active children tend to elicit hostility and competitiveness from others. This exemplifies:

A) manipulation
B) evocation
C) exasperation
D) provocation

A

B) evocation

32
Q

Aggressive people tend to evoke ____ from others

A) hostility
B) submission
C) understanding
D) praise

A

A) hostility

33
Q

Which of the following terms is best defined as a tendency to infer negative intent on the part of other in the face of ambiguous behaviour from them?

A) Hostile attributional bias
B) self-serving bias
C) extreme responding
D) non-content responding

A

A) Hostile attributional bias

34
Q

While walking down a street, Jonathon accidentally bumps into Jessica who is highly aggressive. She starts yelling at him and hits him because she feels that he bumped into her intentionally. This scenario best exemplifies ____.

A) the imagination inflation effect
B) a hostile attributional bias
C) a false negative
D) the directionality problem

A

B) a hostile attributional bias

35
Q

Which of the following situations does NOT demonstrate evocation?

A) when a person acts in a way that causes an emotional response in another person

B) when a husband’s actions cause his wife to behave in ways that make him angry

C) when a wife nags her husband to get something accomplished

D) when a charismatic person walks into a room and makes a dull party interesting

A

C) when a wife nags her husband to get something accomplished

36
Q

Husbands who score low on the conscientiousness tend to upset their wives by:

A) having extramarital affairs
B) drinking too much
C) being abusive
D) withholding sex

A

A) having extramarital affairs

37
Q

husbands who score low on ____ tend to evoke anger in their wives by being condescending, neglecting, and rejecting them, abusing them, committing infidelity, abusing alcohol, insulting her appearance, and exhibiting self-centredness.

A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) intellect-openness
D) conscientiousness

A

B) agreeableness

38
Q

People who score ___ tend to evoke anger and upset in their spouses

A) low on agreeableness
B) high on agreeableness
C) low on conscientiousness
D) high on conscientiousness

A

A) low on agreeableness

39
Q

Individuals who are highly agreeable tend to evoke ___ than individuals who score low on agreeableness

A) much more love from their spouses
B) far less interpersonal conflict
C) more conversational behaviour in peers
D) more control

A

B) far less interpersonal conflict

40
Q

____ is a phenomenon whereby people’s beliefs about the personality characteristics of others cause them to evoke in others actions that are consistent with their initial beliefs

A) blindsight
B) defensive pessimism
C) secondary appraisal
D) expectancy confirmation

A

D) expectancy confirmation

41
Q

The phenomenon of expectancy confirmation has also been called:

A) evocative corroboration
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) behavioural substantiation
D) likelihood verification

A

B) self-fulfilling prophecy

42
Q

In a study conducted by Synder and Swann (1978) in which participants were made to believe that they would be dealing with a hostile and aggressive individual before two individuals were introduced, it was found that ____

A) the participants’ beliefs led them to act in an aggressive manner toward the unsuspecting target
B) the unsuspecting target acted in an amicable manner toward the participants as opposed to their beliefs
C) the participants’ beliefs led them to remain neutral toward the unsuspecting target
D) the unsuspecting target remained neutral toward the participants as opposed to their beliefs

A

A) the participants’ beliefs led them to act in an aggressive manner toward the unsuspecting target

43
Q

Looking at Diana’s photos on a social networking site, Simon assumes that she is an extravert. When they meet for the first time, Simon elicits a talkative and energetic response from an otherwise quiet and dull Diana. This scenario most likely exemplifies ____

A) balancing selection
B) expectancy confirmation
C) the imagination inflation effect
D) the self-serving bias

A

B) expectancy confirmation

44
Q

A (n)____ is a classification scheme that involves the identification and naming of groups within a particular subject field

A) circumflex
B) hierarchy
C) assortment
D) taxonomy

A

D) taxonomy

45
Q

A taxonomy of manipulation tactics was developed through:

A) a two-step procedure that involved nominations of acts of influence and factor analysis of self-reports and observer-reports of the previously nominated acts
B) observer-reports based on lengthy questionnaires
C) physiological measures
D) behavioural tests

A

A) a two-step procedure that involved nominations of acts of influence and factor analysis of self-reports and observer-reports of the previously nominated acts

46
Q

the manipulation tactic of ___ mostly involves yelling at someone.

A) coercion
B) reason
C) charm
D) responsibility invocation

A

A) coercion

47
Q

____ is the only tactic of manipulation with a small difference between men and women

A) monetary reward
B) silent treatment
C) regression
D) coercion

A

C) regression

48
Q

Which of the following Is an example of regression?

A) not talking to someone
B) bribing someone
C) whining
D) acting submissive

A

C) whining

49
Q

Which of the following is an example of the hardball manipulation tactic?

A) bribing someone
B) acting a loving way
C) whining
D) hitting someone

A

D) hitting someone

50
Q

Which of the following manipulation tactics primary involves telling other that “everyone else is doing it”?

A) hardball
B) social comparison
C) charm
D) self-abasement

A

B) social comparison

51
Q

Showing someone how much fun it will be to do an activity is an example of the ____ manipulation tactic.

A) pleasure induction
B) hardball
C) silent treatment
D) self-abasement

A

A) pleasure induction

52
Q

Research on sex differences in tactics of manipulation has found that:

A) women are more likely to use the self-abasement tactic
B) men are more likely to use the hardball tactic
C) women are more likely to use the reason tactic
D) men and women use the different tactics almost equally

A

D) men and women use the different tactics almost equally

53
Q

Kiara’s 16-year-old son, Samuel dislikes chopping vegetables. She wants him to help her in the kitchen and shows him different techniques of chopping through online videos. She makes Samuel feel that chopping is simple and a whole life of fun and even promises to buy him a new chopping board and a set of knives. In this scenario, Kiara is most likely employing the ___ tactic of manipulation

A) reason
B) charm
C) pleasure induction
D) social comparison

A

C) pleasure induction

54
Q

____ is a social strategy in which practitioners are quick to betray others

A) dictatorship
B) Machiavellianism
C) Zoroastrianism
D) Rastafarianism

A

B) Machiavellianism

55
Q

Which of the following statements would a person scoring high on Machiavellianism agree with?

A) honesty is the best policy
B) most people are generally good and kind
C) it is wise to flatter important people
D) cooperation is the best strategy

A

C) it is wise to flatter important people

56
Q

Machiavellian strategies work best:

A) in structured situations
B) in unstructured situations
C) when they are employed by trustworthy people
D) when they are employed on untrustworthy people

A

B) in unstructured situations

57
Q

People who score high on Machiavellianism are more likely to pursue a:

A) tit-for-tat strategy
B) short-term social strategy
C) long-term strategy
D) reciprocal strategy

A

B) short-term social strategy

58
Q

Workers who score high on Machiavellianism make more money:

A) in companies where there are many rules
B) in companies where there are few rules
C) in companies that frequently evaluate performance
D) than people who score low on the strategy

A

A) in companies where there are many rules

59
Q

a study by Wilson et al. showed that people who scored high on Machiavellianism were:

A) more likely to prefer highly structured situations
B) less likely to steal money
C)more likely to lie about the stealing money
D) strictly honest in financial transactions

A

C)more likely to lie about the stealing money

60
Q

Which of the following is a primary tactic of influence used by highly agreeable people?

A) charm
B) reason
C) social comparison
D) monetary reward

A

B) reason

61
Q

Roger, who scores high on conscientiousness, wants his children to read books. In order to encourage them to start reading, he is most likely to:

A) make them commit themselves to reading
B) tell them commit themselves to reading
C) show them that reading can be so much fun
D) explain the benefits of reading in a logical manner

A

D) explain the benefits of reading in a logical manner

62
Q

The manipulation tactic most commonly used by people low in emotionally stability is:

A) hardball
B) self-absement
C) regression
D) pleasure induction

A

C) regression

63
Q

Narcissists exhibit all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A) being grandiose
B) being interpersonally exploitative
C) being self-entered
D) being apathetic

A

D) being apathetic

64
Q

People who score high on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of ___ above all other tactics

A) reason
B) self-abasement
C) hardball
D) pleasure induction

A

A) reason

65
Q

People who score low on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of ____

A) reason
B) social comparison
C) regression
D) silent treatment

A

B) social comparison

66
Q

According to Baughman et al. (2012), high dark triad scorers were especially prone to using the ____ of manipulation

A) charm tactic
B) coercion tactic
C) hardball tactic
D) regression tactic

A

C) hardball tactic

67
Q

Judy chooses friends who admire her and reflect her highly-politic view of herself. Judy most likely scores high on the personality trait of:

A) extraversion
B) narcissism
C) Machiavellianism
D) manipulation

A

B) narcissism

68
Q

Narcissists who are very self-aggrandising tend to evoke ____ in other people

A) anger
B) laughter
C) exasperation
D) humility

A

A) anger

69
Q

Narcissists use a predictable set of manipulation tactics and are ____

A) very generous and giving and would be described as “helpers”
B) very aggressive and hostile
C) highly exploitative of others and would be describe as “users”
D) supportive and nurturing

A

C) highly exploitative of others and would be describe as “users”

70
Q

Narcissists react to failure by:

A) socially withdrawing themselves
B) derogating other people
C) accepting responsibly for their actions
D) engaging in self-abasement

A

B) derogating other people

Personality Psychology (5 decks)

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